British legal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

British legal system - Essay Example The situation in question states that Mike was travelling on the road perpendicular to Betty and continues to go through the red light as Betty starts to go and the resulting consequence. It needs to be considered whether a duty of care is owed or whether there is a breach of duty on Mike's part. Assuming that the injuries to Anne and Betty bare caused by Mike's negligence and that harm is not too remote, Mike will be liable in damages to both Anne & Betty and if Betty can give evidence then Betty being able to recover damages under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934 and Fatal Accidents Act 1976, respectively. Whether Betty has any contributory negligence or not needs to be ascertained. To impose liability upon Mike there is a need to justify his negligence. It is established that all road users owe a duty of care to other road users (Nettleship v Weston2). It follows that Mike and Sue have a potential duty to Betty and Anne in respect of the harm both suffer. That harm, respectively personal injury and property damage suffered by Betty and personal injury suffered by Anne, both of which appear to be foreseeable consequences of a road traffic accident. Whether Mike and Sue are in breach of the duty of care owed to Betty & Anne requires consideration of the magnitude of risk, the seriousness of the harm suffered, the utility of the defendant's conduct and any precautions, which might have been taken guard against the risk. Betty does not take legal action against Mike trusting on Julian's advice. Julian is a corporate solicitor who solely deals with mergers and acquisitions. Betty asked him for legal advice in relation to her accident when Julian had came around to visit her. However Betty mentions her situation to another solicitor who tells her she could have received a sizeable amount in damages if she had gone ahead with a claim against Mike timeously. In such condition Betty need to consider Julian's liability and Anne may sue against Mike for damages personal injury claims, medical and other expenses, lose of expectation or and lose of earning. To impose liability or take reasonable steps against Julian cases need to be examined which indicated whether Julian owes any duty towards Betty. In Murphy v Brentwood District Council3, the House of Lords held that the council was not liable on the basis that the council could not owe a greater duty of care to the claimant than the builder. In doing so the court also overruled Anns v Mertonlondon Borough Council4 and the two-part test, preferring instead a new three-part test suggested by Lords Keith, Oliver and Bridge in Caparo v Dickman5]. In order to impose liability on the employers, Betty has to established foresight, proximity and fairness and it is the current test. In Caparo industries v Dickman [1990], the shareholders in a company bought more shares and then made a successful takeover bid for the company after studying the audited accounts prepared by the defendants. They later regretted the move and sued the auditors claiming that they had relied on accounts,

In class essay2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In class essay2 - Essay Example It is highly necessary for the authorities to take action to bury the power lines underground, as this will avoid the chances of vulnerability of the power lines to natural disaster like storm and hurricane. The hurricane sandy has caused millions of people in Northeast to live without power for days. The Connecticut city had 90% living in darkness as hurricane sandy swept fiercely through the city damaging all the power lines. Considering this dangerous fact, it is strongly recommendable to the electricity providers to take action to bury power lines underground to avoid further mishaps. Being a super power, America need to be more thoughtful regarding their infrastructure and power providing system. If the power lines are laid outside then, any natural disaster can harm the electricity supply of the nation. But the government is not considering building power line underground as the cost for the same is high. Because the power lines where constructed above the ground, there was explosion of power station in the North east during sandy’s arrival. In recent times, America has been encountering numerous natural disasters like hurricane, typhoon, storms and wild fires. So the government keeping in mind of these disasters must make immediate strategy to combat catastrophe. Any government must priorities the citizen’s security and quality of life, as the government is by the people, for the people and of the people. North east America being a cold region needs power and electricity more than other areas of US. The government being cost conscious understood their mistake only when disastrous sandy affected the region. Now that the sandy has destroyed the power lines of North east America, the cost incurred by the government is more than imagined. Government’s ignorance and lack of alertness has caused much hassles and disruption in the life of millions of people. If the power lines of these region

History Of Womens Education History Essay

History Of Womens Education History Essay Over the past twenty years women have made substantial educational progress. The large difference between the education levels of women and men that were evident in the early 1970s have essentially disappeared. Females are more likely than males to attend college after high school and are as likely to graduate with a Masters degree. These gains in educational attainment are due to womens fights for these rights throughout history. These struggles date back to the ancient Greeks, Romans, The Middle Ages, and extend to the Education Amendment Act of 1972 and the Womens Educational Equity Act (WEEA) of 1974 in the United States. In ancient Rome upper class women received education. They were better educated than lower class women and lower class men. They increased their chance for success in managing money, real estate, business affairs and political interest by practicing reading and writing skills. Very few children received an education before the early Republic, but after 300 B.C. child education increased. Children seven to eleven from families who could afford it went to a private elementary school called a ludus. It was a room, most of the time, in the back of a store. There was a teacher who taught Latin reading and writing skills, and arithmetic to only twelve students at a time. At eleven years old, girls either stopped going to school or continued their education at home by their parents or tutors. Most of these girls were getting ready for marriage which usually occurred at fourteen or fifteen years old. Fathers wanted their daughters to receive an education in order to attract a husband that had a higher societal position. However, other fathers just thought education was the right thing to do. Musonius Rufus, who was a philosopher and a teacher in the first century A.D., said: Women have received from the gods the same ability to reason that men have. We men employ reasoning in our relations with others and so far as possible in everything we do, whether it is good or bad, or noble or shameful. Likewise women have the same senses as men, sight, hearing, smell, and all the rest. The Middle Ages or medieval period, 500 ­Ã‚ ­ 1400, began when the great civilizations of Greece and Rome had fallen. In medieval society womens education depended on their socioeconomic class. Women were thought to be inferior to men and were thus treated that way. Educational opportunities for women were slight. Girls were only allowed to receive basic instruction from their mothers, while boys could go off to be tutored, go to church ran schools, or join a guild or burger school to learn an occupation. Most of the schools that girls attended in the Middle Ages were associated with the convents. Girls of the peasant class were taught good manners and domestic chores within the family. Noble born women acquired their education in palace schools and were expected to learn household chores, music, conversation, and the roles appropriate to the code of chivalry. However, in Frankish Medieval Society women were just as educated as men and many women were just as educated as their husbands (Ruth Dean and Melissa Thompson). The most educated women in this period were the nuns. They educated girls in singing, reading, and writing. They also taught them domestic chores like cooking and weaving clothing. Womens education is the greatest reason why women were able to fight for a voice in politics. As more and more females in Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries became educated they were able to fight for higher positions politically. Women were also able to take part in intellectual life as listeners, readers and writers. Although education only took place within the wealthier families with private teachers this was a big step in the right direction for womens rights. The women of the middle ages were the first to appreciate a small amount of the freedom in education that women can enjoy today. In the 1800s, the time period before the American Civil War, there were womens rights advocates, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony who spoke out for womens educational and political rights. Susan B. Anthony went to a local district school where a teacher declined to teach her long division because she was female and not male. Her father took her out of that school and homeschooled her. He and a teacher educated her and taught her all about womens equality. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, unlike most women of her generation, was formally educated. She went to a co-ed school where she could compete with the opposite sex academically and intellectually. Stanton and Anthony both fought for womens political and social equality. They spoke out against racial and gender inequality and also supported the temperance movement. Catharine Esther Beecher was a teacher and a great contributer in the development of education for teachers and formal education for women in America. She was tutored at home until she was ten years old. She then was sent to a private school where she was only allowed a limited education. This made her want to learn more, so she taught herself the subjects that werent offered to her. She wanted to provide the same educational opportunities to other women. Catharine believed women needed a greater education in order to raise their children to be good citizens, to teach Christian values, and to train other women to become teachers. She wrote a lot on the subject of education for women and girls. She stressed intellectual stimulation, moral education, and physical health. In 1823 she opened the Hartford Female Seminary, and taught there until 1831. She believed that women instead of men should be teachers because they have instinctive qualities that would make them better at it. She felt that women had greater potential if they were educated, and this was the career path that would make them socially useful at a time where opportunities for women were limited. Women are natural teachers because its just a component of their motherly role. Being a teacher would make women financially independent and help shape future generations. The Education Amendment Act of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in a public education stating: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance (United States Code Section 20) Also, the Womens Educational Equity Act of 1974 (WEEA), was the changing point in womens education. Thirty three percent of women twenty five to twenty nine attained a bachelors degree or higher in 2007, which exceeded that of men in this age range (twenty six percent). Twenty eight percent of women twenty five and older obtained a bachelors degree or more as of 2007. This rate was up eleven percentage points from twenty years earlier (United States Census). These statistics were only made possible due to women in history that fought for these rights, or people of previous generations who understood how important it was for women to receive an education.

Colonial Fiction: Mister Johnson Essay -- Essays Papers

Colonial Fiction: Mister Johnson The relationship between Rudbeck and Mister Johnson is extremely revealing with regards to the experience of the European administrators and the co-operation of the Nigerians in the colonial endeavour. Johnson is keenly aware that superiority for natives directly depends upon being on good terms with the coloniser. He consistently emphasises his belief that Rudbeck is his ''good friend'', and how he is ''mos' indispensable to ... His Majesty's service'' (85). It could be argued that this should not be passed off as simple native fantasy, put in for the amusement of the European reader. In many cases, Johnson is ''indispensable'' to the inexperienced Rudbeck, and throughout the novel, Johnson is constantly seen as the innovator in the relationship. In two important and inextricably linked areas, finances and roadbuilding, it is not the colonial government which responds to the needs of Rudbeck, but Johnson. As if to push this European dependence on the native a little further, Cary suggests that Rudbeck relies on Johnson in his personal life as well. For example, while Rudbeck is working on the road, Johnson is left to entertain his wife, Celia, an act of trust that both shocks and impresses the natives. We are told that ''this greatly increases [Johnson's] prestige in Fada, where the Emir does not even trust his chief eunuch with his wives'' (87). Concern over finances is a predominant theme throughout the novel, both for Johnson who constantly seems to be in debt, and Rudbeck who, due to the stringency of the Treasury, never has sufficient money or resources to carry out developments to the extent he would like. The reader is given the impression that, if he could , Rudbeck would be doing much more with Fada. He is a man of action, who longs to get out on the roads, working hard physically. Yet his ambitions are constantly frustrated, and he is left ''suffering'' (57) in his office, itching to get out again. On many levels - financial constraints, inexperience, communication difficult - his hands are tied. Johnson's personal finances never seem to pose the same extent of problems to him as do Rudbeck's. When dealing with finances, Rudbeck's ''many sudden depressions'' (77) often climax, and he simply concedes that everything is ''all damn nonsense, anyhow'' (53). Rudbeck knows only too well that he can expec... ... basics of what he expected from them. However, they are intelligent enough to let Rudbeck do ''most of the work himself'' (55) in the blistering African sun. Cary is hinting that the natives are not as gullible as the coloniser would like to believe. In reality, they are much more subversive. Indeed native subversion and resistance could be seen as one the key themes throughout the novel. In other cases, for example, Cary is not so subtle. He openly portrays Waziri offering Johnson favours and bribes to keep him informed about the contents of Rudbeck's safe, which contains all the papers and information sent from Britain, communications which were essential for indirect rule - a role Johnson carries out without a second thought concerning any moral loyalty to Rudbeck. As Cary sees it, in the colonial project, personalities and individuals are of no concern. In the imperialist longing for supremacy and the natives' response to this, people are used and discarded at will. Cary gives every indication that the problems faced by Rudbeck are universal throughout the colonial project. The plight of the colonial administrator seems doomed to a life of confusion and disillusionment.

African American Literatury Essay

African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent living in the United States of America. The African-American literary tradition began with the oral culture long before any of the materials in it were written on. Throughout their American history, African-Americans have used the oral culture as a natural part of black expressive culture. They are very powerful voices that give fuller meanings to words on a page. The America South is an important landscape in African-American literature. The South was a primary port of entry for slaving vessels. Most black slaves remained in the Southern states. The South was an important place for the African-American literature because the South was served as the site of hope and change for the black slaves but there were also horrors. The majority of African captives entered the New World from the Southern ports and remained in the Southern states. They relied heavily on the African cultural heritage and belief systems familiar to them. During their 300 years of slavery and servitude, black slaves and their descendants developed a complex relationship with the South. Amiri Baraka concluded that the South is a part of the scene of the crime, a land that is about the site of hope and the scene of the crime. For many African Americans, the South serves as the site of hope and change. The South has given birth to many African-American cultural practices, such as literature. This is the spiritual and ancestral home for African Americans and plays a dominant role in African-American literature. Before the American Civil War, African-American literature primarily focused on the issue of slavery, as indicated by the subgenre of slave narratives The most noted authors were all incited and inspired by the goings on in the south. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important African-American authors from the literary landscape in the South. He chronicled his life from bondage to freedom in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845), which helped the American public to know the truth about the institution of slavery and dismiss the myth that slaves were happy and treated well. He said, the South was not only a notorious site of slavery, it was also a landscape of racial terror and widespread violence. The biggest crime the South ever committed is the institution and perpetuation of slavery. But the Southern landscape is more than just the â€Å"scene of the crime† in African-American literature. It has multiple personalities that demand multiple treatments. Many 20th-century African-American writers, whether born and raised in the South or not, have used the southern landscape in their works to explore the complex relationships African-American communities have with the South. In her poem â€Å"Southern Song,† Margaret Walker (1915 – 1998) sings a praise song to the southern suns and southern land despite the â€Å"mobs† and â€Å"a nightmare full of oil and flame. † Southern Song I want my body bathed again by southern suns, my soul reclaimed again from southern land. I want to rest again in southern fields, in grass and hay and clover bloom; to lay my hand again upon the clay baked by a southern sun, to touch the rain-soaked earth and smell the smell of soil. I want my rest unbroken in the fields of southern earth; freedom to watch the corn wave silver in the sun and mark the splashing of a brook, a pond with ducks and frogs and count the clouds. I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest; no forms to take me in the night and burn my shack and make for me a nightmare full of oil and flame. I want my careless song to strike no minor key; no fiend to stand between my body’s soutnern song–the fusion of the South, my body’s song and me. Margaret Walker’s poem characterizes the complex literary representations of the South in a great deal of African-American literature, for the speaker at once basks in the beauty of her homeland (â€Å"I want my body bathed again by southern suns†). Yet at the same time experiences a homecoming complicated by the threat of Southern violence (â€Å"I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest†). The theme of the southern home and its layered history is a prevalent one throughout the tradition of African-American literature. In conclusion, 90 percent of African-Americans lived in the South, it is no wonder that this landscape has taken on a great deal of cultural and historical significance. Literature from the South is complex and often absurd, as the region emerges repeatedly as a site of home.

An Analysis of Pieter Brueghel’s Painting, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus And W.H. Auden’s Poem, Musee des Beaux Arts

Pieter Brueghel, a 16th century Renaissance painter whose paintings have allegorical meanings. His painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus was his only subject taken from Greek mythology. While his contemporaries’ work focused more on religious subjects, Brueghel on the other hand made his own mark by creating his own painting style; he was famous for his landscape paintings inhabited by peasants. His painting which is rich in imagery portrays the season of spring when Icarus fell into the sea, there is a farmer plowing the field, and the sea shore is busy with different activities. All these things come to life in Brueghel’s painting (www. pieter-bruegel-the-elder. org). W. H. Auden’s poem, Musee des Beaux Arts was written upon his visit to the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels in 1938. His poem was influenced by Pieter Brueghel’s painting, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. For Auden, the poem reflected the people’s indifference toward human suffering. The â€Å"miraculous birth† of a child was seen as insignificant since the children went about â€Å"skating on a pond at the edge of the wood† not mindful of the great occurrence which Auden likened to the birth of Christ. While ordinary people could disregard such phenomenal events; Auden pointed out that the Old Masters concentrated on such themes that were reflected on their art works (www. audensociety. org). It is also surprising that no one noticed the fall of Icarus into the sea, there was a splatter and there was an implication that Icarus was drowning and yet no one cared. The farmer continued plowing his field, the ship did not bother to stop and help Icarus instead it continued to sail. Auden believed that in Breughel’s painting, the fall of Icarus is parallel to the martyrdom of Christ. The Old Masters like Pieter Brueghel managed to create such great works of art to serve as a reminder of human suffering (www. audensociety. org).

What It Means To Be An American †Undergraduate Admission Essay

What It Means To Be An American – Undergraduate Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers What It Means To Be An â€Å"American† Undergraduate Admission Essay Being an â€Å"American† has been a learning process for me. Unlike most students, majority of my life was spent living in Korea. Every aspect of myself, I believed to be Korean. However, compared to foreign students here at New York University, I was shocked to see that I was more American than I realized. Yet what did being â€Å"American† mean to me. Did it mean having a citizenship, having a blond hair, blue eyed look, speaking only English, being oblivious to worldly affairs†¦? During this class, I began to explore what it means to be American while searching for my own place within this context of â€Å"American-ness.† My new life began seven years ago when I arrived in New York. I was informed that we were moving only three days before our departure. It angered me that my parents made the decision without consulting me. I became apprehensive since I did not know any English. All I had learned up until this point were simple expressions and nouns, such as hello, good-bye, apple, father, mother, and the like. For the next three days before my departure, I started to focus solely on English in school, hoping it would help me to have a better grasp of English. At the same time, I thought of every possible horrifying situation that could happen to me in the United States. I anticipated my classmates mocking me for not knowing English, not having any friends and being lonely all the time, feeling disabled due to the lack of my English skills. I tried to come up with solutions to difficulties that might occur. When my parents saw me in my room depressed, they kept on emphasizing the â€Å"American dream,† and how I could be successful in 20 years, but, at the time, I thought that the dream could not come true. As a matter of fact, I began to lose my confidence in matters relating to immigrating to America. Seeing this, my relatives, cousins, friends, and teachers encouraged me to strive for success and to perceive this misfortune as an excellent opportunity. Their comments did not make me feel any better about moving to another country that did not have any similarities to my culture. I was not an adventurer who was interested in going to another country to learn foreign customs and language. In fact, I was the exact opposite of an adventurer; I loved to stay in my comfort zone, where I can easily communicate with others. After three days of near death from anxiety, I finally landed in Queens, New York. After seeing people from all over the world, and looking at different signs on the street in English I was even more frustrated, nervous, and scared. During the short break before I entered elementary school officially, I started studying English intensely so that I would not struggle as much. My first impression of elementary school in New York was very similar to what I had expected. There were boys playing football with hands and groups of girls talking to each other. When I entered my classroom, I was introduced as a boy who came from South Korea and spoke a bit of English. Surprisingly, my classmates kept silent, when I expected some kind of greeting. It was customary in Korea for the class to greet the new student in unison. Thus, I thought my classmates were uncomfortable and unhappy that I joined the class. Nevertheless, I did not really care because it was only six months away from graduation. As time passed, I became more isolated from the class. However, I created some friends who helped me with English. They were affable enough to teach me English and sit next to me during lunch, but the rest were less than friendly- they only teased and embarrassed me. When I was in school, I could participate only in math, gym, and music with my classmates, but I could not participate in classes where English was predominately used. Fortunately, I had an awesome teacher. My teacher paired me with one of my classmates’ everyday to teach me English one-on-one out in the hallway while my other classmates were learning, and this helped accelerate the process of learning English. A year later, due to several problems, my family decided to move to New Jersey, where the majority was Caucasians. This was the beginning of the second chapter in my life. When I was informed that we were moving again, I was not surprised that my parents unilaterally decided again, but once again I was afraid. My English was better than when I first arrived, but participating in class was still difficult. When I entered the building of my new school, I did not feel uncomfortable. I was already familiar with schools in America. However, the atmosphere was different. The fact that I was one of the few Asians in the school allowed me to be welcomed by my classmates and faculty. My first few days of school, compared to my old school in New York, were very different. Instead of indifference, I received the attention of the faculty and classmates, which I greatly appreciated. There were many people who desired to be my friend. Everyday people sat next to me during lunch, walked home with me, and said hello to me in the hallways. All this interest in me made me comfortable and it brought my confidence level back to where it was in Korea. When I entered high school, I started to think of the â€Å"American dream† again and I felt that it could happen to me as well. In high school, I became more outgoing. In order to become successful, I started to study harder and got involved in many sports teams, clubs, and volunteer work in school. However, I always had the disadvantage of being a foreigner. Some classmates still teased me for speaking only a bit of English. The third chapter of my life began when I came to New York University. Last year, during the brutal application process, I made my decision to go to New York University, where it was known to be very diverse. The number of Korean students, Korean international students and Asian students was one of the key factors that motivated me to choose this institution over other colleges and I was excited to join the group of international students from Korea. I have met numerous Koreans who were born in America and I always thought that we were different. Although, we looked similar, I grew up in Korea, and they grew up in America. I thought that if I associated with international students it would bring my identity back to where it was seven years ago. Through a New York University online club that was made for Korean international students’ class of 09,’ I met tons of Korean international students. After chatting with them online, I found that we shared many common interests, I became overjoyed about going to college. Although I was going to a new place, it was different than moving from Seoul to New York, or New York to New Jersey, because I already made friends and it gave me confidence. The first day when I arrived in New York University, I started to meet up with friends that I made online. I was nervous and excited to see them because I had never seen them in real life and it had been a long time since I talked to a group of Koreans who just came from Korea. When I saw them for the first time at New York University, it was very awkward. They all said â€Å"hi† to me, but they were not happy to see me. They said hi, and then they went back to whatever they were doing. It reminded me of my first day in elementary school in New York, but I did not really care. I still had a strong feeling that we could still be good friends in a couple days because we came and grew up in Korea. I figured it felt awkward because it was our first time seeing each other. As time passed by, my prediction was off the mark. In addition, they began to treat me like a foreigner. I became distinguishable in that group and I felt uncomfortable to remain within that group. Surprisingly, the very friendly people I met the first couple of days at New York University were Koreans who were born in America. Unlike the international students, they welcomed me and were very friendly. After spending seven years in America, I realized that my identity has changed. At the same time I regained the identity, which I had previously lost, again at New York University after encountering different types of Koreans. I always thought that I was a hundred percent Korean. However, I realized that I have become Americanized by my surroundings and peers. My five years in New Jersey without any Koreans in my school brought a massive change in my life. I became more comfortable with my Korean friends who were born in America than international students who just arrived in America. My friends who were born in America seem to understand me more than the international students do. Although, being an official American is determined by a United States citizenship, I consider myself an American. But what does it mean to be an American? It was more than just a simple definition. I saw that there is no accepted generalization of being American. How was it that a person like me born outside of America be American? As I went to school, I had to deal with racism. They called me ‘chink’ and sometimes told me to go back to my country, back to where I was born. Was it because I did not speak English well? Was it because I was not white? As I read books written by American authors, being American was more than just a matter of skin color. It was the ideas that shaped someone to be an American. There are many people in America that speak English differently. There are the Indian people who speak English with a different accent than Koreans. There are the people from the south who speak English differently than a person from New York. Even in New York, I saw that Brooklyn people spoke a very unique kind of English. But these people are still Americans no? In the beginning, I talked about the â€Å"American dream.† I believed that these people all came to this country for the same reason as me. The reasons being finding the opportunities that were not available back home where we came from and becoming successful through our hard work here. America was a country that was founded by Puritans who believed in the importance of hard work. These are the roots of America. When I was Korea, I was told that America was a country that worked hard, and had the best resources available to those who wanted to succeed. It was an equal country. I believe this is the real face of America most of us forget. Every time, someone told me to go back to my country, I wanted to say â€Å"I deserve to be here just as much as you.† My parents work hard, and we are not as fortunate as those who live in luxury, but I know that in the near future, this life is also possible for me. Every race, not just Koreans, experienced racism at some point in their American experience. Yet like me, they worked hard, believed that one day it would get better. They had to start somewhere and I am starting from the beginning. It is still frustrating that being an American still means being a blond hair, blue eyed person. I still feel like I don’t belong, but I know that if an American came to Korea, he would feel the same way. However, through time and perseverance, being accepted is only a matter of time. I am still Korean, but it seems as if I have assimilated into the American culture to a point where I consider myself American as well. When I first met the Korean international students, I approached them how American students approached me. I was friendly and nice, but I realized that it is hard to become friends with people who don’t share the same interests as you. These students wanted to go drink and party till 5 in the morning, but it was not something I wanted to do. These students were very inclusive and did not want to meet new people outside of race. They viewed the outsiders with suspicion and like me, in the beginning, did not want to leave their comfort zone. They didn’t feel the need to make new friends, or friends outside of their race. It was a hassle and unnecessary. Within these 7 years, I saw myself becoming an adventurer. It did not matter if a person was white or Korean, as long they were friendly and shared the same interest as me, I was able to b ecome their friends. The final chapter of this story is too early to write but I see myself becoming more American. I think this is evident in that fact that slowly I find myself thinking in English. As I become more comfortable with my command of the English language, I see myself becoming the confident Korean kid I was before, before I came here. Yet there are times when I feel there is still much Korean in me. I am scared to argue with a teacher or an elder, because in Korea, people with age are highly respected. I know that living in a country that values individualism, I became an individual and do not feel the need to hang out in a group like the international students. I am not afraid to be around new people and new environment. Instead, I do not see this as a misfortune, but an excellent opportunity to grow and learn more about myself. I didn’t believe when I came here 7 years ago that I would see myself as an American but time and effort changed me into a whole new person, an Americanized Korean. I am not a Korean American. I am an Americanized Korean. The ideas and customs of Korea are deeply rooted in my bones but all around it are American ideals. Sometimes I think it is unfortunate that when I go back to Korea, I will not be considered hundred percent Korean. However, when I think I have a place in America, that I belong here, I am proud of the progress I made and sacrifices I had to make. There are still those in America that believe that being American has something to do with skin color, but it has become my goal to prove them wrong. It is the hard work, persevering through the hardships, learning to work and live together with other races that make someone American. These are the values that America was first founded on and these are the values that I will carry on in my walk as an Americanized Korean. This is the America my parents saw when they first moved here and this is the America I see in the near future, not only for me, but for other Koreans as well. Research Papers on What It Means To Be An â€Å"American† - Undergraduate Admission EssayStandardized TestingHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital Punishment

Amazon Industry Analysis Essays

Amazon Industry Analysis Essays Amazon Industry Analysis Paper Amazon Industry Analysis Paper Analysis of Industry This Industry analysis will lad In discussing the Industry In which Amazon. Com will be located. Amazon. Com Is a part of the online retailing Industry, which allows for consumers to purchase goods using the Internet and company websites. We will also determine how the company will compete in this industry. The online retail industry is affected by many trends in the general public. Some of these trends include, cultural trends, social trends, and technological trends. E-retail allows for us to purchase goods at the convenience of ourselves, whether it be In a workplace or at mom, or on a desktop computer, a laptop, or even our phone If It permits. This eliminates the stresses and Inconveniences that come with going from store to store in search of the goods and does not require us to accomplish this within the business hours of the various businesses. As U. S. Citizens, we know and experience the necessity for technology and the Internet. These are things that are becoming a part of our daily lives more and more each day. With this cultural trend, e-retail is an industry that definitely has a chance for growth. Socially, as U. S. Citizen, we are known to be lazy. Although this can be portrayed as a bad trait, we can easily say that we simply find easier and less laborious alternatives to complete tasks. With that being said, the Internet and e-retail allows us to find almost everything that we are in search of whether it is a good or service or even Just information. Another factor involved is technological trends, which will always and even more so in the future, expand, grow, and be one of the most innovative trends. Amazon will be able to use this to not only advance their checkout and delivery process, but this will also allow them to grow their line of Kindles and smoothness. As e-retail becomes an integrative part of how consumers purchase goods, Amazon will be able to excel in this industry and has already proven to do so. Profit potential can be determined by performing a five forces analysis. There are five forces that threaten the performance of solar energy industry: buyers, substitutes, new entrants, and suppliers. The following chart describes whether these threats are low, medium, or high. Threat to Industry Profitability Low Medium High Threat of substitutes V Threat of new entrants V Rivalry among existing firms Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of buyers v Substitutes are a very strong threat to the Industry. With so many various retail and online marketplaces, consumers can pretty much go anywhere to find something if Amazon is unable to fulfill their needs. Although, Amazon usually beats the prices of local and most online retailers, they still may not have the exact product or be charging a better price. Threat of new entrants is high simply because the products they offer can be offered by anyone willing to put In the amount of time and money. Granted, Amazon NAS Ana some years to expand toner product variation, out toner reduces are easily acquired and there are many different suppliers. To compete in this industry, they would need funding, marketing, networking, and an ability to forcefully put themselves out there to gain customers and, in turn, creating sales. The company would also need a niche product. With Amazon and their Kindles, smoothness, and Amazon Prime, these are the products that make Amazon stand out from the rest. The industry rivals consist of Reawaken. Com as well as Walter and Target, who have expanded their products to online retail and any brick-and-mortar retailers. Rivals also include physical stores that sell their products as well simply because what Amazon may not provide for the same price is convenience and urgency. The fact that online retail is growing also proves rivalry is high. Just like there are many rivals, there are many suppliers. These companies have to get their products from somewhere, most of which are from several name brands and other sources outside of the U. S. With this being said, since there are many suppliers, they do not have a large advantage in bargaining their products because what cannot be accomplished with one supplier can be done with another, so this is not a large wreath. In this case, buyers are those who use and/or purchase any consumer items, whether they are goods or subscriptions or services. Consumers have the option to choose how much they want to pay for what they are getting. This is when name brands and off brands come into play. Current economic conditions may also make it difficult as well because if consumers are making less income then it makes sense that consumers spend less. After evaluating the five forces, it can be concluded that most of the forces for the online retail industry are moderate to high. The threats in he industry could affect the industry profitability. With Amazon being one of the largest competitors, as of right now, they do not have much to worry about. Their reputation and popularity helps them to lead their industry as well. Target markets for this industry is technically everyone. This includes anyone who consumes any apparel, accessories, shoes, hygienic items, etc. Amazon pretty much provides any and everything a consumer would need. Growth for this industry is expected to continue to grow with the Internet and shopping online becoming increasingly popular and more useful.

Courses to Consider When Applying to Law School

Courses to Consider When Applying to Law School If you are considering applying to law school it might be a relief to know that, generally speaking, there are no required courses for admission to law school. Law students come with a variety of different majors, but admissions officers want to see well-rounded applicants who have a broad range of knowledge. Choose a major and courses that are challenging and interesting to you- and do well. Below are some courses that will help you develop into a well-rounded applicant and prepare you to succeed in law school. History, Government, and Politics: The Backbone of Law The study of history, government and politics are interwoven with the field of law. Therefore it is imperative in applying to law school that you are able to showcase some demonstratable knowledge of the government and history of the law schools country of origin. So, if you plan to apply to school within the United States, it is recommended that you take an undergrad course in United States History, or for a broader sense of how the countrys laws fit in with the rest of the globe, consider taking a World History course. Similarly, Economics and Government courses would benefit your displayable knowledge in the basic function of laws within a country. Typically these courses are prerequisites for graduation anyway, but you should also seek out some not on core curriculum.   If you plan on pursuing a career in immigration law, for instance, it might behoove you to take a course in Immigration Law (if offered) or a specific history course pertaining to the country of origin from which immigrants you wish to help come. Jurisprudence, Taxation Law, and Family Law courses also offer specifics into politics and government and would look great if you were applying to programs that heavily focus on those pursuits. Writing, Thinking, and Public Speaking: Expressing the Law A career as a lawyer is all about  critical thinking, writing and speaking. It is therefore important to also consider taking classes that offer opportunities for extensively critiqued writing, debate and speaking publicly. These courses will immerse the student in a curriculum that challenges him or her to think outside the box. Almost all law students take debate before entering grad school, which provides ample experience of critical applying the students understanding of laws and policy in a public forum. In doing so, students are afforded the chance to truly test their applicable understanding of basic policies in an environment akin to a courtroom. English, Literature, Public Policy and Speaking, and Creative Writing can also influence the students ability to debate and eventually to take to the courtroom. Enrolling in these classes will show admissions officers that you, the student, possess the drive to understand the basic fundaments of being a lawyer. But it doesnt end with simply taking courses that speak directly to being a lawyer. Hopeful law students should also enroll in courses that examine the vastly interesting dynamics of human behavior- which much of law is concerned with. Anthropology, Sociology and even Religious Studies can go to influence what a future law student will be able to comprehend in regards to how their laws and policies affect the global, national and local population. Similarly, Criminology and Sociology can help to show admissions officers that the student has a complete understanding of how the law works from a societal standpoint. It is important to remember that you pay for college and should be garnering an experience that suits your wants and needs.  Most of these courses form the backbone of a solid undergraduate liberal arts education. Choose challenging courses that fit your interests and aspirations. Equally important though is to show admissions officers that you are a rounded student with multiple interests that all (or mostly) lead back to the pursuit of a career in law.

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Summery - Essay Example Compared with the private sector, the public service will value intrinsic rewards such as service delivery to the people, public interest and the importance of work (Houston, 2000). In terms of accomplishment and fulfillment in work, public employees rated higher than their private sector counterparts (Houston, 2000). The motivation rewards will vary depending on social, cultural and ethical environments. Employee attitude is another determining factor in the accomplishment of a successful motivation reward. The reward may be in terms of income; however, it may be dependent on other social and economic structures like education background, experience, service delivery and efficiency. The managerial structures and the bureaucratic stem of governance play a big part in the effectiveness of employee motivation. Streamlining of processes and making the work environment adaptable is a more convenient way of motivating the employees. Better working conditions also play a major role in ensuring that the employees feel valued and appreciated (Houston, 2000). Rules are there to be followed. Sometimes they can be effective or ineffective depending on how they are managed, applied or regulated. In the public management system, certain standards are always required for efficient service delivery. Red tape is an excessive regulation applied in most public corporations and governments that is usually considered to be rigid or bureaucratic as it affects the flow of action, service delivery and decision making. With the aim of reversing the negative effects of this kind of system, public management scholars have come up with a reliable, effective and productive theory known as Green Tape Theory (DeHart-Davis, 2009). Transition is a very delicate topic especially in the public management system. In most cases, the fear of change stops us from taking action. Anxiety in the public system has limited the effectiveness of the Green Tape Theory because of

Enhancing Communication through Intensive Interaction Essay

Enhancing Communication through Intensive Interaction - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  disabilities in communication and learning have become an important issue since the beginning of the 18th century. Learning disability is the failure to communicate with society and which in turn allow the protagonist  to live within a  rigid circle of interaction, understand things etc. These sorts of problem have been identified both in children and in adults. Special studies, theories and teaching styles are now in practise among the teachers and the parents.This study discusses that categorising people who have severe learning and communicating difficulties and analyzing the aspect of successful communication through Intensive Interaction is one of the key concepts insisted by many theorists of today, such as Nind, Hewett, M.J.Connor etc . Learning disability does not always arise out of common inborn factors such as a deaf, dumb, or blind. However, these factors might also lead to learning difficulties. There are other factors such as the enviro nment factor and neurological problems contribute a lot to these issues. The lack of ability to listen, to speak, to read, to write , to spell, and the most important the lack of ability to rationally look into things contribute a lot for the psychological failure of a person. Intensive interaction, has been implemented with the a deep intension to help the disabled in at least achieve a partial understanding and communication between the disables and the society.

CSI and the Post Modern Body Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CSI and the Post Modern Body - Assignment Example Therefore, it may not be fully dependable for the development of forensic science, as it seems more fictional. The CSI emphasizes more on the role of forensic science, including the relationships of DNA while undertaking investigations, while attaching less significance to the role of informers or even the detectives’ work (Harrington, 2007). The foundation of CSI is based on the fact that the identity given by the DNA tests undertaken is indisputable and accurately points to the suspect, regardless of the fact that the body could be mutilated. Most significant is the fact that it is impossible to accurately determine the actual gender of the victim, without the application of science. Therefore, the case of identity of the suspect becomes a puzzle to solve, up until the forensic science is applied, which identifies the suspect as a man, who has been living as a woman conducting surgeries and killing the victims (Harrington, 2007). The strength of the argument presented here is the fact that science is the undisputable basis of presenting an accurate identity of the individuals involved in crime. This is because; through forensic science, where the DNA of the suspects involved can be traced, then the real identity of those involved can be unquestionably noted (Harrington, 2007). Considering that through transsexual surgeries, the gender of an individual can be changed, then, it makes the investigations through detectives more complicated. This is because, while the investigation could point to the suspect of the crime from a certain gender, then tracing them would be difficult since they can change that. However, through forensic science, the real identity will always remain, as the DNA of an individual can never be changed (Harrington, 2007). Thus, the argument presents science as the basis of providing society with the unbiased truth of identity. The role of the detectives,

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business Environment - Essay Example These elements may include leadership and management, clientele, technological factors, rules and regulations of a government, competition, financial planning. In addition, marketing strategies, demand and supply within the area of business, the economic inclinations are other factors that influence the business environment (McNamara 1999). Therefore, the is a distinction in both the purpose and objectives of different types of organizations within any business environment. This determines whether the organization is profit or nonprofit based (McNamara 1999). Profit organizations have the sole purpose of generating profits, such that the amount of money the organization is taking out should be less than the amount of money the organization is taking in (McNamara 1999). In addition, the organization leaders or owners may opt to hold s larger portion of the returns after deducting all the expenses such as salaries and benefits to employees, bills, among others (McNamara 1999). Addition ally, in the profit organizations, the management may choose to cut back on running costs in order to maximize profits. For example, the organization may choose to cut back on personnel in case the management feels that they do not require as much personal or in case they want to incorporate more technological advancements (McNamara 1999). In general, the management has the overall decision making capacity and formulate plans that enable the organization maximize on its returns as it acquires its market share within the economic sector. As a result, marketing strategies become vital for profit organizations as its main goal is to maximize its returns through reaching to a larger clientele (McNamara 1999). Examples of profit organization include Coca Cola, Microsoft, Apple, Samsung, among others. On the other hand, the sole purpose of nonprofit organizations is to benefit the society. They are mostly created for specific tasks such as religious, educational, or charitable (Carter 200 8). For the sole purpose of nonprofit organizations is to serve the community, they operate under strict rules and regulations that ban the owners of the organization from taking the profits for their own gain. This means that, nonprofit organizations have laws that allow them to operate some business activities although the proceeds obtained are to benefit the community (McNamara 1999). Therefore, the profits obtained from the business activities is recirculates into the organization in order for it to achieve its mission and objectives for the community (Carter 2008). Therefore, nonprofit organizations not only run some business activities but they obtain their funding from donations from the public or grants from other organizations. The examples of nonprofit organizations include research institutes, foundations, public schools, public universities, museums, public hospitals, professional associations, among others (Justia 2013). Typical real world examples include Red Cross, UN , (Justia 2013). Any organization, whether profit or nonprofit formulated objectives and missions targeting a particular group or clientele. Therefore, any organization has responsibilities to reach their targets. For instance, in case the organization is profit based, then its responsibilities will vary from making sure of the

Argumentative Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argumentative Paper - Essay Example On the contrary, other arguments related to the existence of God suggested, that the belief on the existence of God depends on the knowledge that individual has over the subject. In order for the argument on the existence of God to be convincing, philosophers have had to contend with whether it is vital to provide evidence on this subject, which makes it a harder task. The theological argument presented by theists and apologists is the most convincing argument in relation to the existence of God. The need to have proof for the existence of God Ideally, skeptics are unavoidable aspect of living in which proof is a necessity in sustaining various subjects including those of religion. The application is similar in which many individuals seek evidence that substantiates that God exists by tearing into every aspect of God in order to create loopholes for the same. In essence, there exists a number of arguments that have been successful in convincing members of society that God is real. Ad ditionally, the Holy Bible and other holy books provide proof of a higher being than that of man. According to philosophers, there are many arguments that support or disagree with the ideology of theology but the most convincing ones have attracted immense following. ... According to Spiegel (2010), apologists have been successful in making their argument logical but scientist dispute this by having various theories that seek to explain how the creation came into being. The most common theory is that of evolution in which it only explains how man has evolved to what he is today. However, the most disputing aspect within the argument based on evolution is that it does not give elaborate explanations on the existence of plants and other objects that have life. The implication here is that the theological argument presented by apologists is the most convincing argument in relation to the existence of God. The conflict between science and religion in relation to the existence of God As many sympathizers would argue, the interaction and relationship between religion and scientific assumptions is that it is a confusing and unclear making it a vague subject. Ideally, many view the theories presented by religion to be contrary to the thinking of scientists b ecause they argue that it lacks logic and substance. In essence, the religious aspect in this argument bases its belief on belief and faith over the unseen while science opts to argue according to facts and visible objects (Radcliffe, 2012). This makes it harder for those in favor of religion as their choice of supporting that God does exist to proof that God exists without having proof of walking this earth. Additionally, scientists puncture into the idea that a supreme being such as God exists because the origin of this being is also a subject of dispute because there is no recorded proof of how God came into being. Evidently, their claim is that in over for things to exist they had to either evolve or be born of another

How life would be different if you were in an impaired driving related Essay

How life would be different if you were in an impaired driving related crash - Essay Example These shapes begin to move faster and faster until everything around me seems to be spiraling out of control. I feel a wave of fear grip me before everything is brought to an abrupt halt with a sudden jerk, and I wake up, drenched in sweat, gasping for air. These nightmares are only the least of the damages caused by my accident. The accident occurred around six months ago, when I crashed my car into a tree. I was rushing back home from a party. The reckless driving was owed partly to my speeding and mostly to the influence of alcohol. I remember the car swerving uncontrollably and the next thing I know I was in the ER. The doctors informed me that I had sustained serious injuries in my lower back and the wounds on my face needed several stitches. There was a substantial threat of my spinal tissue being damaged to the extent that it could cause me to become a paraplegic. Thus, I was prescribed bed-rest for six months at least. Now I live under constant fear of having my lower body paralyzed. Doctors have advised me to give up any physically demanding sports. The athletic body which once hosted the spirit of an enthusiastic snowboarder is now too vulnerable to even the mildest of workouts. I have had to take a prolonged leave of absence from my school and now all of my friends will graduate before I do. My parents have had to cancel our family trip because I will have summer school to attend during the vacations. My criminal record is not as spotless as it used to be, and I know this will impact my college applications. The promise of the bright future ahead is beginning to fade a little. The weekends I once spent playing at the local bar with my band are now wasted in physiotherapy sessions. My parents have to tolerate the judgmental looks from their peers every time my accident is brought up in a conversation. They blame themselves for putting too much faith in their 16-year old boy. They no longer trust me and I can sense the disappointment in their eyes.

Argumentative Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argumentative Paper - Essay Example On the contrary, other arguments related to the existence of God suggested, that the belief on the existence of God depends on the knowledge that individual has over the subject. In order for the argument on the existence of God to be convincing, philosophers have had to contend with whether it is vital to provide evidence on this subject, which makes it a harder task. The theological argument presented by theists and apologists is the most convincing argument in relation to the existence of God. The need to have proof for the existence of God Ideally, skeptics are unavoidable aspect of living in which proof is a necessity in sustaining various subjects including those of religion. The application is similar in which many individuals seek evidence that substantiates that God exists by tearing into every aspect of God in order to create loopholes for the same. In essence, there exists a number of arguments that have been successful in convincing members of society that God is real. Ad ditionally, the Holy Bible and other holy books provide proof of a higher being than that of man. According to philosophers, there are many arguments that support or disagree with the ideology of theology but the most convincing ones have attracted immense following. ... According to Spiegel (2010), apologists have been successful in making their argument logical but scientist dispute this by having various theories that seek to explain how the creation came into being. The most common theory is that of evolution in which it only explains how man has evolved to what he is today. However, the most disputing aspect within the argument based on evolution is that it does not give elaborate explanations on the existence of plants and other objects that have life. The implication here is that the theological argument presented by apologists is the most convincing argument in relation to the existence of God. The conflict between science and religion in relation to the existence of God As many sympathizers would argue, the interaction and relationship between religion and scientific assumptions is that it is a confusing and unclear making it a vague subject. Ideally, many view the theories presented by religion to be contrary to the thinking of scientists b ecause they argue that it lacks logic and substance. In essence, the religious aspect in this argument bases its belief on belief and faith over the unseen while science opts to argue according to facts and visible objects (Radcliffe, 2012). This makes it harder for those in favor of religion as their choice of supporting that God does exist to proof that God exists without having proof of walking this earth. Additionally, scientists puncture into the idea that a supreme being such as God exists because the origin of this being is also a subject of dispute because there is no recorded proof of how God came into being. Evidently, their claim is that in over for things to exist they had to either evolve or be born of another

Economic globalization and environment change Essay Example for Free

Economic globalization and environment change Essay Ever since the evolution of globalization, which began in 1990s, Asia and Europe have been benefiting with industrial success and economic development. As a matter of fact globalization is lead by United States under the leadership of WTO and United Nations. Globalization has developed a business network connectivity through Internet technology bringing global businesses to a single platform enabling exchange of goods, services and technologies. Globalization operates on predetermined success followed by global norms of business principles, bringing a change in global civil society at a macro level. Some of the benefits of globalization are, increased employment opportunities in computer technology, opportunities to commence new businesses, scope for finding new customers through Internet. Globalization is not similar to internationalization, which reinstate a fact that in order to encourage globalization, political and economic processes of nations also have to be globalized to be in tune with globalization. Globalization can be successful, only when a nation’s economic policies are globalized. This once again reinstates a fact that there is a clear and close interconnectivity between globalization and economic development of nations. Economic globalization expands businesses, industrial sector, technology sector, science and research. Economic development strengthens the financial capacity of nations whether it is through export of goods or by a rise in stock market. Certainly, there is a huge impact on global civil society who directly or indirectly, participate and reciprocate by contributing a portion of service to the nation. International global political economy (IPE or GPE) is it in any way related to globalization? In this regard, â€Å"It is generally agreed that the 1970s have seen fundamental changes in the way in which the international political economy is organized, leading to a more global approach both in IPE/GPE and environment†. (Strange 1996; Scholte, 1993; Mittleman, 1997, Lipschutz, 1996). Further, it is important to understand what the ‘global’ definition states. â€Å"the encompassing of the whole globe rather than just regions. Therefore, it would not be technically, geographically, or indeed spatially correct to use the term globalization for economic, social, or political phenomena that affect only part of the (inhabited) world, as many authors do indeed propose†. (Gabriela Kutting, 2004). The environmentalism celebrated its anniversary in the year 2002 conducted by United Nations Conference on Economic Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. This was followed by 1971 Earth Day which framed the importance of global civil society. And it was 40 years since Silent Spring (Carson 1962) began the consciousness-raising work that many now credit with the birth of environmentalism as a social movement in America. †( Sheila Jasanoff, Marybeth Long Martello. 2004) â€Å"The concept â€Å"global† in contemporary environmentalism remains in this respect as essentially contested as are â€Å"liberty† and â€Å"accountability† in democratic politics†. â€Å"For now the struggle to define â€Å"global† may be one of the best avenues we have for engaging in a meaningful politics of globalism. (Sheila Jasanoff, Marybeth Long Martello, 2004) Protecting environment is an important aspect in global perspective. Conservation of forests, protection of wildlife, natural resources, controlling population, construction of dams, transport and infrastructure of states, are some of the basic criteria of a well developed nation, for which governments allocate a portion of budget every year. Global warming is also due to the cause of excessive industrialization and industrial pollution. Glaciers are also one of the causes, to the rise of water level in seas and oceans, causing floods, cyclones or other natural disasters to environment. United Nations has particularly been following up with island states in order to minimize the impact of the UN Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. In simple form to explain, economic globalization leads to emission of more hazardous industrial gas, green house gases and automobile pollution. As a result of this, the health of environment is damaged bringing new sicknesses and epidemics such as SARS to people. There is a particular concern in 21st century about protecting environment above the parameters of economic development through globalization. From the times of 1940, when the actual industrialization began in United States till the present date, when globalization and industrialization has reached its peak and is still growing at a robust rate, a significant concern has emerged about global warming and about emission of green house gases, the causes of which have to be dealt with on an emergent need, which if ignored, may further deteriorate environment in a vast measure. This discussion of economic globalization and environment change are affecting each other, and it is important to give due consideration to each issue as a separate identity i. e. economic globalization advantages, disadvantages and its impact. Similarly the changes in environment, its negative impacts and effects and how these can be prevented. Especially environmental system brings huge unforeseen losses, such as loss of human lives in Tsunami (2004), Katrina ((2005), epidemics and loss of industrial houses and businesses, and in view of these, funds for disaster management have to be adequately provided. A periodical report of economic globalization and its impact on global civil society and above all, environment change must be followed by United Nations, WTO and World Bank in order to monitor, organize globalization and environment. The present world population is crossing the limit of six billion, which reveals a fact that, it is important to protect environment for the safe and secured health of its people. Further economic development has further disadvantage with devaluation of currency and inflation. Globally accepted currency for exchange of goods and services is admittedly U.  S. Dollar. A nation’s financial strength is determined by its regional currency exchange with U. S dollar. When U. S. dollar is devalued, it has a greater impact on all those nations, which are in trade with United States. â€Å"At the beginning of 1970s, Americans faced two economic problems: declining competitiveness and rising inflation. In 1971, for the first time in the twentieth century, the United States posted a trade deficit, meaning that Americans purchased more goods from other countries than they sold to people living in those countries†. Robert K. Schaeffer, 2005) Further U. S spends huge amounts on wars such as Iraq (2003) and disaster management for Katrina (2005) which further adds to the deficit of U. S. budget. These unforeseen events, lead to an excessive monetary pressure on governments resulting in deficit budget and in slowing down the growth in economy, resulting in inflation. This further puts work pressure on workers of industries to produce more output as compared to the regular working hours. Whenever there is a crisis in government, the negative impact of crisis affects its population both financially and at emotional level. â€Å"On August 15, 1971, President Richard Nixon confronted both problems simultaneously. To improve U. S. competitiveness, he took steps to devalue the dollar in relation to currencies in Western Europe and Japan. And to fight inflation, he introduced price and wage controls, which were designed to limit wage raises and price increases. The Nixon shocks, as these were called in Japan, marked the beginning of U. S. efforts to solve two serious economic problems†. (Robert K. Schaeffer, 2005) There is financial crisis existing in all parts of the world. The World Bank and other respective regional Central Banks have been funding nations, to use funds in order to sustain financial crisis. Conclusion Protection of environment vis-a-vis economic development along with globalization are equally important for global economy whereas appropriate measures have to be considered.

Solid Waste Management And Urban Development Environmental Sciences Essay

Solid Waste Management And Urban Development Environmental Sciences Essay Solid waste management is an integral part of the urban environment and planning of infrastructure to ensure a safe and healthy human environment while considering the sustainable economic growth. Waste disposal has posed a problem in most countries and it is affecting the economy and development of the country. How? In an unhealthy environment, the citizen will fall ill, will not attract investors, knowledge and ideas will not be explored and the cost of living will be high but in a healthy environment, investors will always want to be there, healthy manpower to explore, great place to visit (tourism), economy growth and development. The aspect of recycling as referred means of waste disposal than has not been fully adopted by most countries because they have not recognized the positive impact recycling has on the environment. The focus of this research is to look at recycling municipal solid waste as a means to achieve sustainable development and economic growth. This study will be based on an investigative method, surveys, questionnaire, secondary data, interviews and observations. This is to bring out the benefits of recycling waste than disposing waste to landfill. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Sustainable development requires an environmental sound, cost effective and socially acceptable management of solid waste product. Waste is the consensus that has to be reduced or avoided and non- avoided waste has to be reuse or recycled as far as possible under well-balanced economic and ecological conditions (NORDTEST 2004). Recycling contributes to a healthy, united community but has not fully been recognized as a way of reducing waste product and creating development. Waste is seen by the society as material perceived to have little or no value. The waste generated are in large quantities, facing disposal problem in such that it has become a nuisance problem. The improper solid waste disposal is as a result of dumping waste along the road side, dumps sites and illegal landfill sites, has led to pollution of the environment and prevention of development in a country forgetting that waste can be recycled. It is seen that a large number of people do not recycle their waste; they pack up all types of waste into one bin. Most of this waste when disposed of separately can be recycled (Bzowy 2007). This in-separation of waste could be as a result of unawareness by the people on the need to recycle, the need to identify the recyclable waste and separate it, and the appropriate bin to dispose it. The amount of waste generated from the different source could be a good source of business after separation and the collection. The possibility of exploring recycling solid waste product has not be taken into full account in the form of sustainable development and revenue generation. In some countries where solid waste disposal is mainly to dump site and landfill, they constitute environmental impact than recycling. In dump site and landfill, the environmental impact is the emission of methane gas contributing to global warming, reduction of available land for development, contamination of land and ground water, breeding ground for rats, flies and other vermin which can be a potential threat to transfer of disease to human and environment. To tackle this issue, legislation was introduced in local and national basis of different countries with the aim of increasing recycling and re-use of solid waste and products for sustainable development. In EU, landfill directives aim is to reduce landfill waste disposal by imposing landfill tax to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfill to 75% because the decay produce methane, a strong greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and land is becoming limited making landfills difficult to establish (POST 2005). Most European countries are diverting from landfill waste disposal to recycling. Recycling is seen as an economic development tool as well as environmental tool; it offers direct opportunities for communities. When wastes are recycled, the cost of disposal is reduced because the recycled wastes are sold to manufacturers as raw materials generating revenue. Recycling creates door that attract investors to the country through the remanufacture of the waste, creating jobs and tax revenue. A communitys duty to a cleaner environment often reflects its commitment to a higher standard of living and attracts companies that reprocess recyclables and suppliers who reuse these materials in their product (US EPA 2009). Recycling is a good measure in controlling waste generation, although it is third in the hierarchy of waste management but it is well adopting by any country to control waste generation to build up. Recycling is a very profitable business: which is actually declared: one mans garbage is another mans gold. Recycling of waste whatever its form is a very sound approach to mounting problem therefore encouraging development. This is what I am researching, on the usefulness of waste in the community (country) especially focusing on recycling as a means of sustainable development and revenue generation. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study was concern mainly on the development and revenue generation through recycling waste product. Why should waste be recycled? How can sustainable development be achieved through recycling solid waste? Can revenue be generated from recycled waste? How can encouraging the citizens towards recycling waste be achieved and who is responsible? AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aims at The justification that recycling municipal solid waste is a means of development and revenue generation. Identifying the recyclable materials, Creating awareness to people on separation of waste and making it know that; Recycling waste can leads to development and revenue generation (employment). To ensure that about 80% of waste are recycled. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK Recycling solid waste is aimed at discouraging the disposal of waste to landfill, dump site and promote a sustainable environment that will attract investors, create opportunities, create employment, generate income and help in the reduction of greenhouse gas effect to the environment. It is also designed to educate the people on the need for sustainable development. The baseline data collected from the result will serve as a guide of other researches in their quest for additional knowledge. It can also be for those interested in the field of total waste reduction or zero waste emission. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY This study is delimited is to recycling of solid waste as a means to sustainable development and revenue generation in different parts of the world but using Coventry as my study area due to availability of quick data. ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING WASTE Economic Advantages- Reduces cost for waste disposal and raw material purchase. It saves cost on energy. It increases revenue through tax from landfill. It create employment, example collection, sorting Environmental Advantages- Reduces the amount of waste produces. Reduces the amount of waste disposed at landfill It increases storage of carbon in trees. It minimises the risk of present and future environmental pollution and harm human health. It makes good use of waste produced. DISADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING WASTE Economic Disadvantages- It cost more when prices are low for a particular material. Initial capital- Purchasing the equipment. Environmental Disadvantages- Transportation of waste example energy use, noise and emission from vehicle. Disposal of waste, example noise pollution, emissions. DEFINITION OF TERMS WASTE The EC Waste Framework Directive defines waste as any substance or object which the holder discards or intends to discard (Williams 2005). RECYCLING Recycling is the process of collecting used materials which is usually considered as waste and reprocessing it. In this process, the waste are sorted and processed to be used as raw materials for the production of new product (Ghosh 2008). LITERATURE REVIEW RECYCLING SOLID WASTE AS A MEANS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND REVENUE GENERATION Waste is seen as inefficiency and less inefficiency the more waste. Inefficiency combined with the continuous growth of waste means depleting earths resources and the resources are limited. In order to preserve it for the next generation, they deserve to be used efficiently. Production, consumption and waste disposal patterns in the UK are currently not suitable for sustainable living. The wastes are currently disposed to landfill which produce a large proportion of greenhouse gas and rely on the input of non-renewable resource that could be reused, recycled or recovered for energy. The goal is to create a sustainable environment from waste through recycling and live within our environment without compromising our quality of life (DEFRA 2009). Reduce Re-use Recycle Energy Recovery (Incineration) LandfillIn the hierarchy of waste, recycling is the third for the control of waste. This recycling process involves the creation of employment that leads to development and sustainable income. Figure 1 The hierarchy of waste management. Source: Williams, 2005. The European Waste Framework Directive (1975) has at its centre the hierarchy of waste management and the basis of its strategy, is to encourage movement up the hierarchy and thereby increase the levels of waste reduction, re-use and recycling (Williams 2005). It was clear that there has to be an accurate definition and classification of waste to know the actual type of waste that will be recycled and useful. Recycling is widely assumed to be environmentally beneficial, although collecting, sorting and processing materials does give rise to environmental impacts and energy use (POST 2005). It can take place within the manufacturing industry or can take place at the post- consumer stage, example paper can be collected separately from the waste and then re-enter the paper processing machine (Williams 2005). In 1987 the Commission on Environment and Development issued a report that defined sustainable development as those forms of development that allows people to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the need of the future generations (Weinberg, Pellow and Schnaiberg 2000:4). Recycling waste product brings about sustainable development and revenue by creating route for collected commodities to be sold in the marketplace. A comprehensive and efficient recycling programs offer more opportunities for the community to benefit financially, while improving the aesthetic appeal of their neighbourhoods through boosting tax revenue- that is used for community projects such as public parks, alternative transportation and educational grants (US EPA 2009). Studies has confirmed that in United State, recycling has emerged as a consensual policy with its promise to reduce landfilled waste, create jobs, produce revenue for cities and profit for business. Example in Florida, the Recycling Economic information Study completed in 2000 shows that about $62 million in state tax revenue was as a result of the direct effect of the recycling and reuse industry (US EPA 2009). It has constituted a model of sustainable community development because it is one of the very few ideas proposed by advocates that embrace all of the three Es- Economy, Equity and Environment (Weinberg, Pellow and Schnaiberg 2000:7). As EPAs Recycling Economic Information Study says recycling industries not only offer higher paying jobs, than national average, but they also prevent communities from disposing beneficial materials into landfills (US EPA 2009). In New York, recycling programme was established involving the trade associations from various packaging industries to promote recycling in all communities. This removed more pressure on local landfills; the market for recyclable increased, remanufacturers started using recyclable and found that it was cheaper than virgin materials. The recycling technology company started developing, employing many people and the industrys revenue increased (Weinberg, Pellow and Schnaiberg 2000:21). Recycling is the need of the hour as many environmental issues is been reeled out. The destruction of the rain forest for the production of paper, has led to the extinction of many species. The rainforest plays an important role in maintaining the ecosystem. This means that we are all interdependent and this necessitates recycling at every step. The plastic industry and paper industry are striving well through recycling and the end product is used to manufacture new product especially plastic which are not biodegradable can be reprocessed into tables and chairs, tooth brush, carpet (Gaikwad 2009). According to a lecture delivered as part of module M51GED, for every one ton of paper recycled, it saves 17 trees, 3 cubic yard of landfill space, 7,000 gallons of water, 4200kWh (enough to heat a home for half of a year), 390 gallons of oil and prevents 30kg of air pollutants (Bateman 2009). Studies have shown that recycling has created job in different areas where people were not employed and has increase their income generation. In 2002, Washington County started recycling with one trailer and one employee but today, the recycling company has growth. The Washington County had collaborated with neighbouring counties leading to the involvement of six counties in recycling and providing opportunities to the rural areas that otherwise would not receive services (US EPA 2009). It has also brings community to together. This was done after the Hurricane Katrina devastation; Harrison County in Mississippi started a road to recovery and identified recycling as a means for rebirth. The EPA aided in setting up of a recycling centre for white goods and other materials to could be salvaged from the disaster. Harrison took further step in improving the county by restoring curb-side recycling and implementing household hazardous waste drive each year to which has now improve the coun ty (US EPA 2009). It is seen that recycling waste is developing some countries, example the solid waste and recycling firm industry in United State is making inroad into Asian nations because these countries are opening their growing consumer market (Weinberg, Pellow and Schnaiberg 2000). The European Community Environmental Action Programmes also call for significant changes in current patterns of development, production, consumption and behaviour in order to achieve sustainable development (Williams 2005). In 2001, the EU made a sixth action programme on sustainable development which waste prevention and management was the key issue and it emphasized the need to achieve a situation where the most of the waste generated are either reintroduced into the economic cycle through recycling or are returned to the environment in a useful (composting) or harmless form (Morrissey and Philips 2007). Recycling does not only affect our environment positively, it has re-created the lost resources, increase wealth, population and technology of various lifestyles. It has also led to unmanageable amount of waste. Recycling has helped in restoring the habitat and forest (Gaikwad 2009). It embodies an ethic, a way of relating to the world, worthy of support. Yet city after city have embraced it and it can be justified that it is a good investment (Seldman and Lease 2002). This can be achieve through The legislation on waste management in which recycling is a major key. The awareness of people towards recycling municipal solid waste especially the households. The provision of the different waste bins at the appropriate place. Organization of seminars, programme, publications, leaflets on waste management and recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ON RECYCLING SOLID WASTE The European legislation has a strong influence on the national waste policies. Each policy is in line with each countrys legislation on solid waste. Waste Framework Directives- This established the general rule of waste management that was introduced in 1975 (75/442/EEC). This directive was amended in 1991 and 1996 subsequently. The framework directive has central principles: The waste management hierarchy which involves prevention, re-use, recycling and recuperation of energy and materials get priority. Using the Best Available Technology (BAT) for waste disposal using technological, environmental and economic selection criteria. Waste must be treated at the place of production or collection. Applying the polluter Pays Principle to any polluters through waste disposed (Dubois, Gonzalez and Knadel 2004). The European Commission Communication of 12 December 2005 setup Taking sustainable use of resources forward: A Thematic Strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste. To reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment through its life-span from production to disposal through recycling. It made that every item of waste is not only seen as a source of pollution reduction but as a potential resource to be exploited. To promote recycling sector in order to reintroduce waste into the economic cycle in the form of quality products. The strategy also provides for other measures, such as exchange of information on national disposal taxes as well as, measures which would supplement the market should there be inadequate increasing recycling levels (Europa 2007). UNITED KINGDOM LEGISLATION ON WASTE The UK legislation implemented the European Waste Framework Directive through the national legislation: Environmental Protection Act 1990. The Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989 The Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994 (as amended) The Controlled Waste (Registration of Carriers and Seizure of Vehicles) Regulations 1991. The legislation requires that anyone who treats, keeps, deposits or disposes of waste needs a waste management licence (unless exempt or excluded) which includes conditions relating to operation at the site which is issued by the Environmental Agency and monitors the activities to ensure compliance for the safety of the environment (Net 2004). The legislation set up national waste strategies with a target aim of raising the national recycling rate up to 25% by 2005/06 using the baseline 1998/99 and diverting waste from landfill as required from Landfill Directives and include recycling, recovery and composting of different types of waste especially biodegradable waste for sustainable waste management (Net 2004). The Power of Recycling Waste under the Environmental Protection Act 1990: This deals on the effects for conferring on waste disposal and waste collection authorities power for the purpose of recycling waste. That the waste disposal and collection authorities are to buy or acquire waste with a view of recycling it. To make waste disposal contractors recycle waste (EPA 1990). The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC obliges UK to meet the target for recovery and recycling for packaging waste. It was introduced by the UK Government in 1997 to meet 2001 in which most targets agreed by the European Union to be met by 31 December 2008 with overall target was 60% for recovery and 55%-80% for recycling. In November 2005, a new target was set for 2010 with minimum amount of recovery to be achieved through recycling of 92% (Net 2004). The Household Waste Recycling Act was introduced in UK in 2003- that all English authorities to provide kerbside collections for the minimum of two recyclable materials by 2010 (POST 2005). WASTE GENERATION Waste is produce in the course of acquisition of raw materials, refining and manufacturing and product used by consumers. Wastes are produced in large quantities from the different sources that use this manufactured product. Our everyday activities can produce large variety of waste from different sources; it could be solid or liquid waste and this serve as a useful tool for sustainable development if recycled especially municipal waste. In 1990s, it was estimated that each person in the world generated 200kg of solid waste per year and this was forecasted to increase with the growth in population (Manyanhaire 2009:2). From the estimate of Europe waste, 3.5 tonnes is generated per person and this is mainly made up of waste coming from household, commercial activities (Shops, restaurants, hospitals), industry (pharmaceutical companies, clothes manufacturer), agriculture (slurry), construction and demolition projects and mining and quarrying activities and from the generation of energy. With the production of such large quantities of waste produced, it is important to manage it in a way not to cause any harm to either human health or the environment (EIONET 2009). Wastes are produced from different sources and they are classified according to their sources and production. They are- Municipal Waste These wastes are from residential such as household, commercial such as small business, office buildings and institutional such as schools, hospital, government buildings sources that are discarded (Masters 1990). Municipal waste comprises of residue waste, bulky waste, sweeping, litter collections, secondary materials from separate collection and household hazardous waste. The waste is made up of paper, glass, textiles, cardboard, organic waste (food and garden waste) and wood (EIONET 2009). Household waste is about 82% of the total municipal solid waste (Eurostat 2003). Agricultural Waste This consists of organic waste such as manure from livestock, slurry, soiled water and silage effluent, crop residue, plastic, scrap machinery, fencing, pesticides, waste oil and veterinary medicines (EIONET 2009). The waste generators are from crops, orchard, farm, feedlot (Daniel and Thomas 1999). Some are use as animal feed or for compositing (Williams 2005). Industrial Waste This consists of different manufacturing industries- Light and heavy manufacturing, fabrication, power and chemical plant. This waste is made up of food, cardboard, beverages and tobacco, hazardous waste (chemical), metals, wood and paper. It is similar to that of municipal waste (US EPA 2009). Construction and Demolition Waste This involves waste from residue during construction and waste when demolition takes place. The waste generators are construction of new buildings, renovation of site and total or partial demolition. The wastes consist of wood, steel, dirt (Daniel and Thomas 1999). Mining and Quarry Waste This waste is produced during extraction and processing materials such as coal, slate and metalliferous materials. Wastes are also found in rocks in-bedded with mineral resources and residue leftovers. (Wasteonline 2002). METHODOLOGY The study will make use of an investigative method as its aim to find out the rate of recycling and what material is recycled more. Data will be collected at some recycling centres. The research will include surveys from the process of collecting solid waste and recycling waste, the concern, belief and behaviour of people towards recycling waste. To answer the research questions, Data will be gathered from areas where waste recycling studied area of this research (which includes areas where waste recycling and non-recycling are been carried out). Participant observation will be carried out. Questionnaire will be distributed to the residents to know the rate of waste recycling and how actively involved they are in the exercise. Interviews will also be conducted (face to face). Secondary data will be used for this research and it will be on- Documentary sources such as journals, newspapers, organisation records, books, images. Survey Sources such as census, government surveys, official statistics and document. Multiple sources that are combined into one dataset. Data generated for this study will be compared with data from pervious study. Appropriate tables, charts and figures will be used in effective representation of analysis of all data along with narrative interviews data obtained. The data collected will be converted to numerical data for analysis and discussion. RESEARCH TIMETABLE Activity March April May June July August Confirm Proposal XXXXXXXX Research Activities XXXXXX XXXXXX Analyse findings and informal write up XXXX XXXXXXX Write Up XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX Complete Write up XXXXXXXX Draft and Update XXXXXXXX Deadline and submission XXXXXXXX

Essay on the Importance of Enobarbus in Antony and Cleopatra :: Antony Cleopatra Essays

The Importance of Enobarbus in Antony and Cleopatra   In Shakespeare's play, Antony and Cleopatra, we are told the story of two passionate and power-hungry lovers. In the first two Acts of the play we are educated to the fact that they are entwined in an adulterous relationship, and that both of them are forced to show their devotion to Caesar. Along with being introduced to Antony and Cleopatra's strange love affair, we are introduced to some interesting secondary characters. The secondary character most important to the theme of the play is Enobarbus. Enobarbus is a high-ranking soldier in Antony's army who it seems is very close to his commander. We know this by the way Enobarbus is permitted to speak freely (at least in private) with Antony, and often is used as a person to whom Antony confides in. We see Antony confiding in Enobarbus in Act I, Scene ii, as Antony explains how Cleopatra is "cunning past man's thought" (I.ii.146). In reply to this Enobarbus speaks very freely of his view of Cleopatra, even if what he says is very positive: ...her passions are made of nothing but the finest part of pure love. We cannot call her winds and waters sighs and tears; they are greater storms and tempests than almanacs can report. This cannot be cunning in her; if it be she makes a shower of rain as well as Jove. (I, ii, 147-152) After Antony reveals that he has just heard news of his wife's death, we are once again offered an example of Enobarbus' freedom to speak his mind, in that he tells Antony to "give the gods a thankful sacrifice" (I.ii.162), essentially saying that Fulvia's death is a good thing. Obviously, someone would never say something like this unless they were in very close company. While acting as a friend and promoter of Antony, Enobarbus lets the audience in on some of the myth and legend surrounding Cleopatra. Probably his biggest role in the play is to exaggerate Anthony and Cleopatra's relationship. Which he does so well in the following statements: When she first met Mark Antony, she pursed up his heart, upon the river of Cydnus. (II.ii.188-189) The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water: the poop was beaten gold; Purple the sails, and so perfumed that The winds were lovesick with them; the oars were silver, (II.

The American Revolution: A War for Independence Essay -- American War o

The American Revolution was a war for independence. It was a war which was fought for equal rights and the freedom of a would be nation. It showed the pure courage and heart of the American colonists by pitting them against a much more powerful opponent. The British had the best army in the world, and the colonists were often just poor farmers armed with their hunting muskets. It was truly a case of David versus Goliath. The reasons, course, and outcome of the American Revolution provided the perfect scenario for achieving independence. The ideas behind the revolution came much earlier than 1776. They came from deep within the Enlightenment. Although there was not much support behind these ideas, it is important to note that they existed. Stress had been building in the colonies since the end of the Seven Years’ War. For the first time ever there was a standing British army in the colonies. The British had nearly doubled their national debt defending their colonies, and they felt it was time for the colonies to start contributing some money. The colonists were expected to care for the British soldiers in the colonies. They would feed, clothe, and house these soldiers. The soldiers were there for the soul purpose of tightening England's grip on her colony. Needless to say, this did not please the colonists very much. They had enjoyed freedom under a neglectful Britain in the early 1700’s. Now they face the possibility of losing all they had gained. The American Revolution was directly set off by continuous arguments over increased taxes. The first tax to come was in the form of the Navigation Acts. The Navigation Acts "were acts passed by the British Parliament to regulate colonial tra... ...ship and cunning diplomacy the colonists surprised the world and won their independence. Works Cited - Buckler, John, Bennett D. Hill, and John P. McKay. A History of Western Society. Boston, PA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975. - Lecky, William E. H. The American Revolution 1763-1783. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Company, 1924. - Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic, 1763-1789. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1956. - Morris, Richard B. The American Revolution ‘A Short History’. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1955. - Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of the American Revolution. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991. - Ward, Harry M. The American Revolution: Nationhood Achieved 1763-1788. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, Inc., 1995.