The United States Supreme Court and Public Opinion

The United States Supreme Court is a one of a kind American organization. It is remarkable in light of the fact that, dissimilar to the people serving in the official and the administrative parts of government, the nine judges serving at the most significant level of the United States Supreme Court are protected in huge manners from the open they are pledged to serve. Most fundamentally, the judges are given lifetime terms following assignment and affirmation. In contrast to presidents or individuals from Congress, for instance, the judges don't need to persevere through beginning open races or get ready for re-appointment campaigns.In impact, from numerous points of view, the individuals from the United States Supreme Court are protected from the open that they serve in exceptional and novel manners. This very protection, thus, has created furious discussions among lawful researchers, political researchers, and students of history with respect to the best possible portrayal of the c onnection between the United States Supreme Court and popular supposition and the results of various characterizations.This article will contend that the judges of the United States Supreme Court are not close to as confined as customary way of thinking and grant also much of the time expect, that general sentiment influences the judges in a horde of profoundly huge ways, and that receiving a majoritarian model better clarifies the United States Supreme Court just as better serving significant open strategy objectives.In request to help the contention that majoritarian structure is the best model, this paper will clarify why explanatory systems are particularly significant in this specific situation, the outcomes of the various methodologies, and why a majoritarian approach is the better system for breaking down and examining the connection between the United States Supreme Court and popular conclusion. B. Why Analytical Frameworks MatterThis banter is especially significant in ligh t of the fact that these judges, serving forever terms, are raised to the United States Supreme Court because of political choices as opposed to scholarly legitimacy or the ownership of an impartially objective legal way of thinking. Without a doubt, it is generally concurred by researchers that Judges and researchers propagate the fantasy of legitimacy. The truth, in any case, is that each arrangement is political.Merit contends with other political contemplations, similar to individual and ideological similarity, with the powers of help or resistance in Congress and the White House, and with requests for delegate arrangements on the bases of topography, religion, race, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. (O'Brien 33) It is this political association that makes the connection between the United States Supreme Court and the American populace such a significant issue.This is on the grounds that specific suspicions may urge extraordinary interests to seek after political arrangements t o the Supreme Court with an end goal to evade general supposition. For those whom buy in to the countermajoritarian way of thinking, which holds that the Supreme Court is to a great extent resistant to general assessment and barely affected by popular supposition, the conviction is that once an assigned equity is affirmed that the person in question will have the option to give decisions unhindered by the weights of general sentiment (Davis 4).As an outcome, this methodology energizes profoundly political arrangements in light of the fact that there is a conviction that minority interests can be progressed or in any case shielded by an open foundation protected from popular feeling; this, thus, urges possible judges to cease from communicating their mind or their conclusions actually so as to limit political problems.One researcher has depicted this impairing of a candidate’s justifies along these lines: â€Å"A imaginary talk of arrangements has in this way rose: a chosen o ne's backers present his defense in the ideologically impartial language of legitimacy, as though the up-and-comer's perspectives made little difference to his selection,† (Greenberg, n. p. ) That planned judges of the United States Supreme Court are constrained to take part in a â€Å"fictive discourse† is both upsetting and in opposition to the American perfect of open and free discourse.The affirmation fight including Robert Bork was illustrative of this sort of political fight; to be sure, instead of concentrating on Bork’s scholarly capacities or benefits the affirmation hearings lapsed into maybe the most disagreeable affirmation fight in present day history. In reality, as one driving researcher of the Bork procedures has noted, featuring the previously mentioned risks related with the countermajoritarian framework,Because barely any learned onlookers addressed Judge Bork's expert capabilities, restriction to Bork immediately centered around his legal way of thinking. The attention on belief system raised a urgent issue regarding whether it was appropriate for the Senate to dismiss for ideological reasons an in any case qualified chosen one. (Vieira, and Gross vii)On the other hand, for those whom buy in to the majoritarian way of thinking, an undeniably compelling way to deal with the connection between the United States Supreme Court and popular feeling, the conviction is that the judges are not protected from general supposition and that popular conclusion influences the judges personally regarding the kinds of cases they decide to choose every year (O'Brien 165), what lawful supports that judges decide to depend on when choosing especially combative cases (Waltenburg, and Swinford 242), and whether to maintain or topple longstanding legitimate points of reference (Norrander, and Wilcox 707).Such presumptions, that general sentiment does make a difference and that it makes a difference fundamentally, have a few noteworthy ramifica tions in the event that they are valid. To begin with, choosing governmental issues over legitimacy when concluding whom to name to the United States Supreme Court might be exaggerated; all the more explicitly, judges will eventually be more touchy to general conclusion than the political partnerships that earned them the designation in the first place.They will, all things considered, be liberated of the need to support the political coalitions after affirmation because of their lifetime residency while they will consistently be decided by popular sentiment. An a valid example was the Republican assignment of Warren Burger. He was known to have been a traditionalist with a severe development way to deal with the understanding of the United States Constitution. To put it plainly, from a countermajoritarian perspective, Burger had appeared to be a phenomenally protected political decision for the United States Supreme Court.The reality, in any case, was that as the fifteenth Chief Ju stice of the United States Supreme Court, Burger started to decide in manners that stunned his underlying supporters. Instead of disregarding popular sentiment, as his supporters needed on issues, for example, race, he has since gotten known as one of the more extremist Chief Judges throughout the entire existence of the United States Supreme Court. The countermajoritarian way of thinking can't represent such a move in legal conduct, and this is a significant defect in this specific systematic framework.Burger is vastly improved comprehended, similar to the United States Supreme Court all the more for the most part, by utilizing a majoritarian structure that represents general feeling notwithstanding hidden political unions or political ways of thinking. Second, in the event that these suspicions are valid, at that point popular assessment matters. That implies that examining the United States Supreme Court in confinement, as opposed to related to other related social factors, for e xample, general assessment, is an imperfect approach.The better logical system is the majoritarian approach which, however a minority approach, achieves two significant destinations. At first, by representing and investigating all the more cautiously the connection between popular conclusion and the United States Supreme Court, courts like Burger’s can be better comprehended and better clarified; furthermore, the majoritarian approach legitimizes general feeling as a piece of the national discussion concerning legitimate issues of open premium as opposed to binding these issues to nine far off judges in a secretive ivory tower.If one of the principle elements of the judges is to shield the authenticity of the American constitution, a report thought about and intended to secure the open for the most part, at that point sound strategy requests open support and impact. There are two primary inquiries to be settled. To begin with, does the countermajoritarian or the majoritarian system better clarify how the United States Supreme Court capacities? Second, and identified with the primary issue, which model better adds to the authenticity of the United States Supreme Court and its legitimate decisions.C. Principle Questions 1. Countermajoritarian or Majoritarian: A Threshold Issue Although the United States Supreme Court is one of the most intensely contemplated American foundations, there stay huge contrasts of feeling with respect to the idea of the connection between the Supreme Court and popular conclusion. One of the more central discussions among lawful researchers, political specialists, and history specialists focuses on whether the United States Supreme Court is generally a countermajoritarian foundation or a majoritarian institution.This banter has significant ramifications. Those that accept that the countermajoritarian model best portrays the real capacity and activity of the United States Supreme Court additionally will in general view the Suprem e Court as being to a great extent protected from popular feeling; then again those that accept that the majoritarian system best describes the Supreme Court will in general accept that general assessment, to some surviving, influences the capacity, tasks, and a definitive lawful choices of the Supreme Court.How one purposes this discussion, accordingly, inescapably influences American law; undoubtedly, â€Å"Much sacred talk is predicated on the presumption that the United States Supreme Court is a counter-majoritarian organization, and regulating speculations supporting the activity of legal survey are seen, by a few, as having to accommodat

STRATEGIC PLAN CRITIQUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key PLAN CRITIQUE - Essay Example The company’s key arrangement is defined to address the present dangers/issues concerning the business just as the organization all in all, for example, its more vulnerable nearness in the person to person communication fragment, low coordination of the wide scope of administrations gave, specialized obstructions bringing about obsolete connections, arrange tricks, ecological issues and so forth. These issues are suitably handled by the organization the board by utilizing its interior qualities of labor, scholarly skill and boundless prominence to use its image esteem and augment consumer loyalty simultaneously working intimately with the company’s vision, crucial qualities. This vital arranging process is essential for all associations as it encourages them in distinguishing the different dangers and openings in the business just as furnishes them with sufficient information about its inward qualities and shortcomings to address such issues presented by the large scale financial condition. This paper talks about the different issues, issues just as dangers concerning the business just as the organization in general and evaluates the key arranging process recognized by the administration to address those issues. The Pedigree Grooming and Boarding Company situated in New Mexico, is committed to offering some benefit based administrations to the canine show contenders. The different issues concerning the organization as of now, remembers the change for possession, monetary misery of the clients, high rivalry, valuing arrangements and relative freshness of the new proprietor in this field. These issues are expected to be tended to by receiving new evaluating strategies, growing its administration line, worker advancement through thorough preparing, and setting reachable yet serious targets. This vital arrangement is planned fittingly that tries to focus on the most essential parts of the business and is in accordance with the general objectives, vision and mission of the

4 Tips For Overcoming Obstacles

4 Tips For Overcoming Obstacles Whatever goals you are pursuing, you have come across and will continue coming across obstacles. This is normal. In fact, it is so normal that if you’re not facing obstacles, then it’s probably because you are stagnant.And while a majority are complaining about obstacles hindering them from being successful, some are just overcoming them and succeeding.Those who are succeeding are not any better than those complaining. But if the result of their encounters with obstacles bring them success, then there must be something the complainers can do to also succeed.You have heard that obstacles are there to be overcome. That they are opportunities in disguise. But the opportunities could be so disguised that you doubt their very existence. If this is you, then relax and know that this article is for you.Whether you are in business or desire to overcome some personal obstacles, read on and you will get a new perspective to life.COMMON OBSTACLES IN LIFEIf you have had both victories and fa ilures dealing with obstacles, then you will also benefit from this article. At the end of it, you will know just how to make the victories more consistent.First, let’s look at some of the common obstacles. Although the list can be very long, you will realize that some obstacles actually are a result of these listed here.FearFear is not just an obstacle but an enemy. A very real enemy. This obstacle can be the only one in your life but still easily manage to keep you from your goals. Fear resides deep inside you and poses a great risk to your success.Fear makes you unable to start any project because of very many reasons. These reasons are rarely true. As much as they may be factual, the whole idea is never true because fear never gives you all the necessary information.To keep you under its control, fear will only tell you what will work against you so that you believe it and settle for less. This is one big reason why there are so many people with grand business ideas which neve r see the light of day. The ideas remain in their minds.Fear comes in many forms. The fear of not making enough profit; fear of not being able to pay your bills on time; fear of failure; fear of being embarrassed when you fail; fear of being labeled a loser etc.But did you know that there will always be something to be afraid of?Fear mainly comes from your natural desire for security. You need assurance about paying bills, having food, having a home and many other things which make you comfortable. For you to be comfortable, you need to be sure what tomorrow holds.That is why uncertainty makes you fearful. For example, when you hear of new technology being introduced at work, you are afraid of getting laid off.Ask the entrepreneurs and they will tell you. Listen to the successful business leaders and they will confirm it. You will never know all that tomorrow holds. That means you will always be anxious about something.Will your sales rise or drop? Will your competitor’s business be more profitable than yours? Will your best employees be lured by your competitor and leave you? All these are very real possibilities. Real and reasonable fears. But are you supposed to give them all the attention they seek?If you give in to fear, you will get crippled and never move. You will be too afraid to work on that great business idea afraid that it may never amount to anything. Too afraid to start that promising relationship afraid of a heartbreak.You may also be afraid of sharing an opinion during a meeting fearing that it may sound stupid. Unknown to you, it may be the idea that gets your company that coveted contract. This may get you the project manager’s position and ultimately the promotion you have always been dreaming of.Memories of past mistakesNo-one under the sun is perfect. No matter how learned or experienced. We all learn as we continue on the journey of life. Those who succeed are the ones who learn and implement the lessons.Learning is simply the acquir ing of knowledge. This may come in the form of official schooling or practical experiences. When you apply this knowledge in life situations, then you are said to be wise because you skillfully avoid many unnecessary mistakes.All the same, you can never avoid all mistakes. In fact, despite your wisdom, you will very likely make some big mistakes just like everyone else. But what is your response afterwards?Your fall may have caused you a lot of pain. Be it emotional, physical or psychological, the overall effect may have been huge. It may have been something you did and now regret or something you failed to do and the consequences still follow you. Such cases may bring about self-loathing.Painful memories can make you unable to move and stand as a big obstacle in your way. It might be that any time you try stepping out, you automatically remember something and get pulled back.Such situations require counseling. Talking to a counselor will help you handle the situation so you can hea l and live life normally.Wrong attitudeAttitudes are perspectives or ways of thinking that have been developed over time. Just as there is positive and negative thinking, there is a right and wrong attitude. The right attitude goes hand in hand with positive thinking and the wrong attitude with negative thinking.When you have the wrong attitude towards something, you become unable to put the necessary effort required to gain any benefit from it. Instead of seeing any opportunity, you will only see the problem. Yet these problems will only be getting worse because you cannot provide a solution.A wrong attitude will make you magnify problems which are actually very small. You will see all the things which are wrong in a situation and nothing good in it. This perspective will keep you from attempting to change the situation.According to you, there is simply too much that needs to be done that it can’t be done by one person. Especially not you because you apparently can’t do anythin g about it.Surprisingly enough, you will still see the need for something to be done. You may even speak out about the situation in an effort to get people to do something about it. In doing so, you fail to realize that you are giving away your power to make the necessary changes.An example of this can be seen in the communities where the environment is not as clean as it should be. In some areas, the government has a responsibility in keeping the environment clean. However, what happens if for some reason that doesn’t happen?Some people will let the situation become worse. At the same time, others will be littering the environment since there are people who should be handling it. These are the same people who will be complaining loudest as the problem worsens. How far will such people go towards success?Watch the below video to know how big a difference a positive attitude can make. Self-doubtAre you aware of your strengths? Self-doubt is the doubt of your personal abilities. You may be well skilled in something but since you haven’t acknowledged your abilities, you don’t think they amount to much.Everyone is born with certain abilities. Referred to as talents or gifts, these enable you to learn some skills faster or perform tasks with less effort compared to others. For example, you may be talented in singing and some friends have mentioned it to you.This natural ability can make it easy for you to outperform others in a competition. If starting a singing career, it may enable you rise to the top faster than others. But if you don’t acknowledge its existence or haven’t learned its value, you will not be able to take advantage of it.One of the causes of self-doubt is low self-esteem. Low self-esteem causes you to have low self-confidence thus preventing you from going for what you want to achieve.Lack of self-disciplineSelf-discipline is one of the building blocks of success. Hard work is necessary but without self-discipline, the journey towards su ccess will be quite short. Self-discipline produces consistency and this is what results in diligence.Lacking in self-discipline will make you have a series of “on and off” moments. You will wake up early one day and do what needs to be done. But the following day, you will wake up late and do very little or nothing at all.Lacking in self-discipline is what makes you plan your day and start off well but fail to complete the tasks you planned to work on.Lack of self-discipline can cause a lot of frustrations as you see the victory right ahead of you but are unable to experience it. You may have wanted to achieve some goals by a certain time and was sure it was reasonably possible. But lacking self-discipline will ensure you never achieve them.PerfectionismGood, better, best. Or should it be good, great, perfect?You may have to decide as this could be a personal preference. All the same, if you choose to go by “good, great, perfect,” then know that you may fall into a trap whi ch many have fallen into.The word perfect refers to a situation where everything is 100% or more, above the normal expectation of good. This can never be attained and all pursuit of it is in vain. Perfectionism is a very dangerous lie.Even science and all technology can never get you there. That is why there is not even one type of computer that can do all things. There has to be one type for specific work and even then, it still has shortcomings. A perfect computer can only exist in imagination.It may have to be of unlimited storage, faster than lightning in processing, always knowing what the user wants without being told and doing it (AI machines have to be taught) etc. Apply this to your personal life and you will know that you are not perfect therefore can never do a perfect job.You can never have a perfect plan, a perfect team, a perfect financial state, a perfect anything. Situations are also never perfect and if you wait for the perfect time so as to do something, you will n ever do it.Why? The perfect situation will never exist.“Whoever watches the wind will not plant; whoever looks at the clouds will not reap.”  Ecclesiastes 11:4 (NIV)Analysis paralysisThis is closely related to perfectionism. In fact, it is the result of it.Analysis paralysis is where you analyze the situation over and over again in an effort to make the perfect decision. Obviously, as you do this, time is never waiting for you. And before you realize it, you have lost the opportunity that you had.This is a problem when it comes to decision making. For anything to be done, there has to be a decision made.Whether consciously or unconsciously, you make decisions. Unfortunately, you can get trapped in an unending cycle of gathering facts, analyzing them and reviewing the analysis. All this in pursuit of the best solution.Result?Stagnation in life.The people you admire as big and successful business owners have learned the importance of making decisions quickly. There are times when you will need to make decisions with no information at all. Yet you will have to trust that you made the right one.In such cases, you decide, then work to make the decision the right one.The connection with perfectionism is that it is the search for the perfect decision that makes you over-analyze the situation you are in. You want to have all the information so that you can make the best or perfect decision. The decision which will ensure things flow perfectly. You don’t want any hitches.If you realize that you have been having a problem making decisions quickly, then know that your problem is perfectionism. If your problem is perfectionism, then your root problem is low self-confidence.If you lack self-confidence, you will be unable to trust your ability to make good decisions. You will always want to have the perfect decision so that you can defend yourself against any question regarding the decision you made.You therefore want the perfect decision to be the source of your con fidence.This set up is a sure recipe for disaster at a personal level. Since you will never be able to make a perfect decision, you will anxiously be wondering what people think of your decision.Unfortunately, even the perfect decision, if at all it exists, will still be questioned. This is because people are different and they think differently. Your “perfect” is not everyone’s “perfect.” So quit pursuing perfectionism and save yourself from the agony of analysis paralysis.Take courage in knowing that the path to success is full of uncertainties which have to be dealt with as they come.TIPS FOR OVERCOMING OBSTACLESThese and many other obstacles in life are not permanent walls which block you from success. In fact, even walls can come down. One such wall was the Berlin wall.Remember what we said about having the wrong attitude? If you have the right attitude, you will see obstacles as important and even necessary for life. You will appreciate their presence because they bu ild you. They increase your capacity to overcome more.That is why those who are in high positions will normally have gone through more obstacles than those below them. They hold those positions as captains who can steer the ship through the storms which are sure to come.As you read the below tips, encourage yourself knowing that you are learning how to become better. Apply these tips in your life by starting small. As you develop more mental muscle, you will just naturally climb up the ladder of successâ€"with very little conscious struggle.Identify and understand the obstacleIf you really want to be successful in anything, then you better realize that you will be fighting. This fight is usually to a large extent in your mind. It is with your mind that you decide to do something. And it is still with your mind that you muster the courage and effort to do what you decided.Since you cannot fight an enemy you don’t know, or worse still, can’t see, the first step is to identify and understand your enemy. This is your obstacle. The thing standing between you and your goals. Identifying your obstacle is not just seeing it but understanding it.“If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.” Sun Tzu, The Art of WarYou have to be a bit analytical here, not too much though. If you hit a wall, sit down and ask yourself some questions. What exactly is standing in my way? Is it usually there? Did I do something or fail to do something thus causing it to be there?Have I ever heard about this obstacle? What do I know about it? Have other people overcome it? Did they go through it or around it?After you have this knowledge, it is then time to plan.What do you have?You plan based on the resources you have. You don’t have everything needed for a fightâ €"and you never will.The greatest stories are of those people who had little resources but utilized them well enough to overcome great challenges. Wouldn’t you like your story to be like theirs?Your resources are the things that work for you and not against you. These are your strengths. If you are running a business, then you might include in this list the strengths of your employees. In case you haven’t gotten to that level, don’t worry, you have something that your competitors don’t.If your obstacle is a business competitor, then in the first step, you should have managed to research and know what makes him good. In this step, you are now finding out what makes (or can make) you better.What do your friends say you are good at? If you have had any clients so far, what have they praised you for? Superior quality products? Timely delivery? Great customer service? Lower prices (without compromising your margins)?What were you praised for in school? Convincing power? Eloquence in speech?If you are struggling to get answers, you can engage a friend or family member. Just ask them to be sincere. If you however take some time and do this alone, you will gain better insight into yourself.You will know that you are really well equipped.After you have this information, check how you can implement your strengths against the strengths of the obstacle you’re facing. There will always be a way that something can be brought down even with little strength. Do not be in a hurry or feel like you are taking too much time.Watch the below video to learn how you can utilize your strengths. Of course, time is an important factor to consider. However, if you rush through without properly understanding the situation and planning well, you will soon be back to the drawing board. Nothing wrong with that, except that if it happens often, you are bound to get frustrated.Having listed as many strengths as possible, including those seemingly too small and of little significance, plan on how to tackle the obstacle from multiple angles. And this is where we get to the interesting part. This is the fun part.Change the environmentThere is nothing as good and fun as playing a game according to your rules. You are sure to win.To change the environment means you are changing the game plan to flow in a manner that favors you.For example, you may be dealing with a business competitor who has more financial muscle than you. If your strengths are timely delivery and great customer service, use those two to tackle the competition. You can go about them like this:Approach clients from a perspective of building a relationship. Make the client see you as a friend. He should be able to trust you as this is the foundation on which big brands are built. That is why a brand can sell expensive products but people still buy; make mistakes but people are still buying.Great customer service is centered on making the customer trust you. Make customers trust that you have their co ncerns close to your heart. Then let them know that this is the basis on which you have developed your products or services.After this, promise timely delivery and make sure you don’t fail on that.Feel free to attack the obstacle from another angle at the same time. That can be cheaper prices. As long as you don’t go below your margins, you can lower prices.Lower prices can also be a great strategy in business. If you have lower profits from selling one product but end up selling many pieces, then cumulatively, your profits rise.This strategy of changing the environment is not limited to business operations only. It also works at a personal level. As long as you have your list of strengths and have understood the obstacle ahead of you, you are good to go.For example, you may be trying to get into a relationship but your obstacle is shyness.What are your strengths? Have you been told you have a great voice? Have you been complimented on your height or beauty? Are you good in cert ain games?If you can sing, then start by joining a karaoke club. If you play sports, join a sports club. When you are in an environment where you flourish easily, your confidence gets built up and you are able to outdo obstacles.Keep everything flowing within the boundaries of your strengths. You will soon realize that the obstacles which stood ahead of you actually helped you. You ended up knowing that you have more that you initially thought you had.Be diligentRemember the need for discipline? It will not be very helpful for you to change the environment but not sustain it. Diligence is necessary for this.This is where many people tend to start failing because this stage is not as much fun as the previous one. There is little adrenaline running unless you make it your goal to always venture out to conquer more ground.Before you do that however, it is critical that you become completely in control of the obstacle you faced. If it is one that could be moved as a result of your chang ing the environment, then you can proceed. If it is one that needs to be managed at all times, then you have to plan accordingly.Diligence speaks of consistency. Consistency in doing what you are doing in the way you are doing it. If it is working, then stick to it. In the course of time, analyze any changes in both the internal and external environments to see whether you need to change tack.Also, as you develop and become better, consider improving your operations to become more efficient. For example, as much as you have strengths working for you, you may need to implement automated solutions in some areas.Strengths can also be improved. You can enroll for classes. You can research and learn online to see how other people are doing things. You will always need to be more knowledgeable so as to stay ahead of your obstacles.This ensures that obstacles coming your way will never surprise you. You will also be equipped enough to know that you can handle them thus avoid unnecessary st ress.All in all, ensure that you always operate as per the strengths you have. This is what will keep you from sliding back to the challenging phase you were in.CONCLUSIONAfter reading these tips, go ahead and implement them. Then you will realize that obstacles are nothing but stepping stones on your way to success.

Web Application Development Techniques For Database Security

Web Application Development Techniques for Database Security Databases are a core component of many web applications. The number of web applications that use databases continues to increase each year, and the rate at which malicious users are hacking into databases is growing at an alarming rate. The hacker’s intent is to destroy data or steal sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and passwords. This produces a strong need to ensure the integrity of the data and secure the data from unintended access. As a web developer, there are many techniques that can be used to program security into a web application to lessen the likelihood of a malicious user being able to access confidential information. It is†¦show more content†¦These passwords should be a minimum of 10 alphanumeric characters. A strong password would be one that is short enough to remember, but long enough to make it difficult for others to guess. It takes much longer to randomly guess a long password than a short one. However, w eb developers must be careful about forcing users to create overly complex passwords because this often leads to unsafe practices such as writing down passwords, which then leaves an opportunity for malicious database infiltration. Also, never store passwords in a database in plain text. Any compromise to the database should not allow a user’s data to be put at risk, especially the passwords they use. To solve this problem, passwords and other important data should be encrypted before being stored. SQL Injection It is a common practice in web applications to allow users to enter information into web forms. This user input, unfortunately, opens up the possibility of SQL injection. SQL injection is the most common and well known web application vulnerability. SQL injections can happen when SQL statements are dynamically created when processing user input. It is not difficult for a malicious user to enter SQL directly into the input fields to dynamically change the SQL statement in order to obtain information from the database. The PHP code could look like this: $user_input = â€Å"Lucy ; DROP TABLE CUSTOMERS;--†; $query = â€Å"SELECT username, password FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE

Social Engineering Is A Powerful Tool Used By Cyber Criminals

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Social engineering is a powerful tool used by cyber criminals’ especially on seniors because of their level of trust. They aim at collecting your confidential information and later use it against you. Password, Account number – credit card, debit cards, employee ID, and full name, date of birth,Read MoreComputer Security And Social Engineering3915 Words   |  16 PagesComputer Security and Social Engineering In terms of computer security, Social Engineering refers to the psychological manipulation of people in order to access confidential information. It is believed that it can be easier to trick people than to hack into their computing system by force. Social engineers gather personal information or gain access to computers by exploiting people’s natural tendency to want to trust others and be helpful. 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The Secret of Ella and Micha Prologue Free Essays

Ella I wonder if I can fly? With the wind and rain in my hair and my arms out to the side of me, it feels like it might be possible. Perhaps if I can get enough courage to jump off the thin ledge, I’ll soar away into the night, like a bird with powerful wings. Maybe then I could reunite with her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret of Ella and Micha Prologue or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"What are you doing?† Micha says, his voice higher than normal. â€Å"Get down from there. You’re going to hurt yourself.† His aqua eyes pierce me through the rain and his hands are on the beams above his head, hesitant to climb out onto the ledge. â€Å"I don’t think I will,† I say. â€Å"I think I might be able to fly†¦ just like her.† â€Å"Your mom couldn’t fly.† He balances onto the railing and glances down at the murky water far below our feet. â€Å"What are you on?† â€Å"I took one of her old pills.† I tip my head back and bask my face in the rain. â€Å"I just wanted to see what it was like for her. Why she thought she was invincible.† He steps down on the beam with his arms spanned out to the side and his clunky boots slip on the wet metal. The lightning flashes above our heads and collides with the earth. â€Å"Your mother didn’t know better, but you do.† Bracing one hand on the metal wire above our heads, he extends his other hand toward me. â€Å"Now come over here. You’re scaring the shit out of me.† â€Å"I don’t know if I can,† I say softly, raising my head back up as I rotate to face him. â€Å"I’m not sure if I want to.† He dares a step closer and his thick eyelashes blink fiercely against the down pour. â€Å"Yes, you do. You’re stronger than that.† His hand begs me closer. â€Å"Please, just get over here.† Staring down at the black water, my body starts to drift. â€Å"I swear to God, Ella!† Micha shouts, his tone sharp, his muscles tense. â€Å"Give me your hand!† I snap out of my daze and tangle my fingers with his. His other hand captures my waist and he leads us swiftly back to the railing, lifting me over it. My feet settle onto the concrete of the bridge that is pooled with puddles. Lights on the beams illuminate the night and Micha’s car is parked in the middle of the bridge with the driver’s door open and the engine and headlights on. He hops over the railing and then his arms are around me, embracing me securely, like he’s afraid to let go. For a second, it feels okay, weightless and uncontrolled. I tuck my face into his chest, the wet fabric damp against my chilled skin. The scent of him takes me to a place I wish I could go back to – my childhood. Back when things weren’t as heavy because I was too immature to grasp the full reality of life. Micha pulls back and smoothes my wet hair out of my eyes. â€Å"Don’t you ever do that to me again. I can’t do this without you.† But he needs to figure out life without this perception of me, because I don’t know how long I can keep doing it without drowning. â€Å"Micha, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The look on his face silences my lips. He knows what I’m about to say – he always does. He is my best friend, my soul mate. In a perfect world, full of roses and sunshine we’d be together, but this world is full of broken homes, drunken fathers, and mothers who give up easily. â€Å"I’m sorry.† I cling to him as I say my final good-bye. â€Å"I didn’t want to think anymore. It was just too much and my mind wouldn’t slow down. But it’s alright now. I can think clearly again.† He cups my cheek, his thumb searing hot as he traces the pad lightly across my cheekbone. â€Å"Next time come to me – don’t just run. Please. I know things are hard right now, but it’ll get better. We’ve always made it through every single bad thing thrown at us.† Beads of water trickle in his eyelashes, along his cheeks, over his full lips. There’s a shift in the air, one I’ve felt coming for a long time. His lips part. â€Å"Ella, I love – â€Å" I crush my lips against his, hushing him and melting our bodies together. I allow his tongue to caress mine, letting him suck the rain from my bottom lip and savor the taste of me. We arc into each other, like we can’t get enough and heat flows through our drenched clothes, warming my skin. I could let it go on forever, but that would be wrong. The girl he thinks he loves needs to disappear. I don’t want tonight to be irreversible, so I pull away, breathing him in one last time. Then I walk away, leaving him on the bridge in the rain, along with the old Ella. How to cite The Secret of Ella and Micha Prologue, Essay examples

Wiley’s Approach to Formulaic Writing free essay sample

In their quest to find a simple way to assure students have the writing skills they need, teachers are tempted to use formulaic writing. Having a method to rely on seems to be a win -win situation for teachers and students as well. In his article â€Å" The Popularity of Formulaic Writing (and Why We Need to Resist)† Mark Wiley is trying to analyze to what extent teaching writing, as a formula will affect the writing process. Wiley is emphasizing that the tendency towards formulaic writing comes from the increasing pressure on schools to rise the test scores, and based on statistics, essays that comply the formula received high scores on test and advanced placement exams. Although the article was written 12 years ago, the topic is still current considering the recent teachers strike in Chicago. Similar to a more than a decade ago, among problems such as budget deficits, school closures and teacher layoffs, the Chicago teachers also object to their performance and jobs being tied to standardized tests. Wiley’s article is analyzing the formulaic approach in writing and he is specifically addressing the Schaffer Method. He describes the Schaffer approach to teaching writing in great details. He continues by presenting the strengths of Schaffer formula and also the downside of the formulaic writing. He concludes that Schaffer method should be used as a strategy but resisting the formulaic. His analyze about the method seems to be very persuasive. Wiley is right about the fact that the success of Schaffer’s method suppress important aspects of writing process essential to student’s future development. Schaffer’s method should be taught as a segment of the writing process, a tool that can be accessed when necessary rather than the only tool available. Because in a school setting, the writing teachers are the decision makers in regards to what writing method will be adopted, they are Wileys primary audience. His position as the composition coordinator, makes Wiley a trusted authority. Also being an English teacher, help readers identify with the writer. He connects and creates credibility with his audience in several ways. Besides being knowledgeable about the subject, he demonstrates fairness and courtesy to alternative views. He analyzes the issue considering the advantages as well as the limitations in using Schaffers method. Wiley uses specific examples in order to give his argument presence and emotional resonance. â€Å"I understand what teachers are up against, particularly in urban schools: resources are scarce, buildings are in disrepair, classrooms are overcrowded, and scores of new teachers are needed; yet too many of these teachers are poorly prepared to teach writing(61). In other words, he involve his audience on one hand by empathizing with them, and on the other hand highlighting that too many of these teachers are not prepared to teach writing, thus, their tendency to favor a formulaic method. The increased pressure on schools to rise test scores and make sure high school students are ready for college, and because too many teachers are looking for quick fixes, determined Wiley to write the article (61). Although the article was published in 2000, similar issues seem to bother the teachers today. According with Salon Media Group in March, â€Å"education researchers from 16 universities sent a letter to Emanuel and the head of the Chicago Public Schools warning against such measures, pointing out among other things that such test-based teacher evaluations have been shown to be highly unreliable measures of teacher quality. Moreover, poverty, homelessness, crime and other social issues beyond the influence of teachers often influence standardized test results. And we know this type of teacher evaluation risks creating teachers who ‘teach to the test’ instead of the creative, dynamic teachers we need†. In other words the growing political pressure on schools to raise test scores that Wiley notice in his article appears to be at its peak. Although most of the audience will be supportive, considering the fact that Wiley is not against Schaffer formula as long as the method is part of a strategy, some will argue against it. One teacher I interviewed stubbornly resisted Schaffers approach and claimed she would never use it. Students first need to develop writing fluency she argued, not simply learn how to fill out a form(63). The essence of Wiley argument is that by using Schaffers’s method, students will learn how to follow directions on filing out a form. On the other side, Schaffers supporters will argue that by using the method, rapid improvements were made even for struggling students, and the simple format to follow will help them achieve some immediate success in their academic writing. Several high school teachers whom I have spoken with who have been using the Schaffer method generals saw rapid improvement in the writing of struggling students(63). Wiley is using counterexamples and counter testimony to rebut the opposing argument. He highlights that the teachers recognize that some students were bored with the method, and although they acknowledge that students need to move beyond Schaffer method in order to improve, they dont know what to do next. Throughout his essay Wiley is using as evidence data from personal experience, data from observation or field research and data from interviews. One of the specific evidence Wiley uses is Data from observation or field research. On one hand he is and English teacher, hence, he has a firsthand experience with Shafer’s method, on the other hand his position as the composition coordinator at a large metropolitan university gives him the opportunity to interact with other English teachers and get feedback about the method. â€Å" Given the growing political pressure on schools to raise test scores and make sure students graduate from high school prepared to do college level work, I am busier than ever visiting high schools and talking to teachers about teaching writing†(61). In making this comment Wiley emphasize his understanding of the matter. His comments throughout the essay direct the reader to see the issue from his perspective, suggesting to consider the bigger picture rather than the immediate benefits. â€Å" Formulaic writing of the kind Schaffer advocates forces premature closure on complicated interpretative issues and stifles ongoing exploration. (†¦) Yes, this definitely nonformulaic exploration takes time and can lead students to question their assumption and beliefs†(65). He agrees the nonformulaic approach is a longer process, but also underlines that this explorations facilitate growth in understanding and writhing ability (65). He notice that pro formulaic teachers loved the efficiency of Schaffer’s method, and also highlights that this approach should be used just to provide students a basic structure for writing. However, these interpretative comments emphasize his belief that the Schafer’s method should be used as a strategy rather than as a formula. Although he may have firsthand experience with the method, skeptics may argue that his personal experience is limited, and even though his position facilitates interaction with numerous teachers, there is no statistical evidence to validate his claim. Another specific evidence Wiley uses is data from interviews. He mentions that one of the teachers he interviewed will never use Schaffer’s method. He introduced the teacher’s quote by noting that students need to learn more than just how to fill out a form. He explains the quote and also makes interpretive comments highlighting his viewpoint about the method. Data from interviews can provide engaging personal stories thus enhancing the way the reader will receive the message. As limitations, critics might argue about the credibility of interview subjects, or the number of interviews not being sufficient for the matter. According to Willey argument, I would point out that the problem is not the formulaic writing but rather it is â€Å"the pedagogical blindness that formulaic writing leads to† (61). One of the benefits of Shaffer approach is that it makes the writing process accessible to everyone. On one hand it will make writing enjoyable for students that like the scientific approach. On the other hand some readers may challenge this view by insisting that having a formula to apply makes writing more of a science rather than humanities class. Although Shaffer’s approach does not restrict creativity, having a structure to follow will not encourage such creativity. Wiley approach to formulaic writing is very realistic, and his way of presenting the topic clarifies the questions on the best method to teach writing. As he puts it a more viable approach in teaching writing will be to â€Å"use formats as strategies but resisting the formulaic†(66). A strategy will use a formula but it will adapt it to a specific writing situation. In other words the formula will serve as a foundation to build the writing assignment rather than the writing assignment itself.